染色体

"Wheats are called diploids when they have seven chromosomes, tetraploids when they have fourteen , and hexaploids when they have twenty-one."

其性细胞具有7条染色体的小麦称为二倍体；具有14条染色体的称为四倍体；具有21条的称为六倍体。

Most primers amplified same bands in diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids. It suggest that D and AB genomes have high homology and D genomes be successfully transferred from diploid to hexaploid.

从供试的绝大多数引物均能在不同倍性小麦中扩增出相同的条带证明了D染色体组和AB染色体组间存在着很高的同源性以及利用二倍体和四倍体小麦杂交人工合成六倍体小麦的真实性。

Specific bands of D genomes and AB genome in four diploids, four tetraploids and four hexaploids, respectively, could be also amplified by means of M70/E5 1 and M711E5 1 primer combinations screened from twenty pairs of AFLP primer combination for test.

对二倍体、四倍体和六倍体小麦各4个材料的DNA进行AFLP扩增，从20对引物组合中筛选出M70/E51和M71/E51两个引物组合能扩增出D染色体组或AB染色体组的特异性带。

The cases of karyotypic evolution mentioned so far have concerned karyotypes of related species.

到现在为止所提到的染色体组型进化的例子都是关于相近物种的染色体组型。

Results:Thirty-six cases (40.4%) had clone chromosomal abnormalities and 12 categories of major abnormalities were found, five specific abnormalities of 12 were seen in 25 cases,accounting for 69.4% of all patients with karyotypic abnormalities.

结果：89例M4患者中，异常染色体检出率为40.4%(36/89)，共12种主要异常核型，其中5种为特异性染色体异常，见于25例患者，占核型异常患者的69.4%。

The technique of CC can be used to study chromosomal changes of lung cancer, but the success rate in identifying clonal abnormal karyotypes is not high, due to the low mitotic activity, poor quality of chromosomes and the complicated karyotypic abnormalities.

特别是二例均有3号与17号染色体的易位，以及涉及13号染色体的易位(l号与13号或12号与13号易位)，这些易位是CC未曾发现的。

In this research, we summarize the genetic diversity and evolutionary origin of yellow cattle landraces in China from two aspects of morphology diversity and its specific microsatellite markers of Y chromosomes.

本文主要从Y染色体的形态多样性和Y染色体特异性微卫星标记遗传多态性两个方面对中国地方黄牛的遗传多样性和进化起源进行了综述。

This paper presents a Double Kohonen Neural Network lased on the Self－Organize Feature Mapping theory to analyge chomosome automatiolly. The DKNN consists of two layers, each of which is a Kohonen network. The first layer maps a 2－d plane to a 2－d feature space to extract the high－resolution bands of chromosome and to compute the parameters of bands. The second layer maps the arrays of high dimension feature parameters to a 2－d plane to pair and classify the chromosomes automatically.

应用自组织特征映射神经网络原理与方法，建立了双层Kohonen神经网络，其第一层是从二维图象平面到二维特征平面的映射，用于染色体高分辨率带纹的提取和带纹参数的计算，第二层是高维特征参数阵列到二维聚类平面的映射，用于同源染色体的自动配对和分类。

Female Tigons and Female Ligers both possess a tiger X chromosme and a lion X chromosome, yet only the female Ligers will grow large, this means something must happen to either alter the genes or that the cause of the growth dysplasia lies at least partially outside of the genes.

雌虎狮兽和雌狮虎兽都有一个老虎的X染色体和一个狮子的X染色体，但是只有雌狮虎兽会长成庞然大物，这说明一定有什么事情发生了，改变了每一方的基因，或者狮虎兽的生长异常有基因之外的某些原因。

It was inferred that the sd-t gene was located on chromosome 4 according to the established relationship between chromosomes and linkage groups.

由于Prp-b、lg、Wh基因均位于第4染色体上，因而推定sd-t基因位于第4染色体上，其排列位置可能是Prp-b-sd-t-lg-Wh。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！