染色体

It appears to confirm that morphologically and genetically distinct X and Y chromosomes evolved from an identical pair, a pair of autosomes, and ZFX may be exons and play certain role in the mammal sex determination.

这不仅说明X和Y染色体可能起源于同一对染色体。而且也提示ZFY和ZFX可能是外显子，即具有转录功能，并且在哺乳类的性别决定中具有一定的作用。

The mean disomy rate of autosomes ranged from 0.125%(chromosome 18) to 0.152%(chromosome 21). For gonosomes, the mean rate ranged from 0.085% to 0.102%.

尽管从结果来看常染色体的二体率比性染色体稍高，但没有显著的统计学意义。

Cytologic results showed that chromosome numbers of root cell are 2n 56, and 28 bivalents can be observed at PMC MI in the six 8x Trititrigia.

细胞学鉴定结果表明，6个八倍体小偃麦的根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=56，花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅱ染色体构型为2n=28Ⅱ，具有高度的细胞学稳定性。

The events occurring during these stages differ in meiosis and mitosis, notably in that bivalents (pairs of homologous chromosomes) are formed in meiosis, whereas homologous chromosomes remain separate in mitosis.

在减数分裂和有丝分裂中，前期发生的事件是不同的，尤其是二价染色体区别最为明显，在减数分裂中形成，而在有丝分裂中同源染色体是分离的。

Under normal temperature (25-30℃), the process of pollen mother cell meiosis is normal; The most of chromosomes become bivalents which like "V","O","Y","X", sticks and dots, and mainly like dots,"V" and "O"; and a few of univalent (0.79% of Tainong 1 and 0 of Irwin) and multivalent (4.76% of Tainong 1 and 3.57% of Irwin) had been observed.

常温（25~30℃）条件下，花粉母细胞减数分裂过程较为正常，双线期染色体主要形成二价体，二价体构型以&V&型、&O&型、&Y&型、&X&型、点状和棒状等形式存在，并以点状、&V&型和&O&型较多见，出现少量的单价体和多价体，其中台农1号为0.79%和4.76%，Irwin为0和3.57%；同时仅在少量中期Ⅱ和后期Ⅱ花粉母细胞中观察到落后染色体。

The paper summarized the principle of multiploid and the advantages of multiploid of medical plants application,summed up the common methods in artificial induction multiploid of medical plants and identification of chromosome doublings,brought forward a few key problems which should be paid attention in polyploid breeding of medical plants and its research prospect.

概述了多倍体的原理及药用植物多倍体的应用优势；总结了人工诱导染色体加倍的常用方法和染色体加倍的鉴定方法；并提出了药用植物多倍体在该领域中存在的问题及研究前景。

In the eukaryon cell nucleus has continues a chromosome, each chromosome also only contains a DNA member.

真核细胞核中有不止一个染色体，每个染色体也只含一个DNA分子。

Hence, in the thesis, we further study the genome rearrangement problem by fusions, fissions and block-interchanges between two circular multichromosomal

所谓的融合事件是把两条染色体融合成一条，而分裂事件是把一条染色体分裂成两条。

The 9 microsatellite markers on Chromosomes 1 were used to construct a linkage map of Liangshan semi-wool sheep with a 387 members half-sib pedigrees after paternity testing.

实验选择绵羊1号条染色体上的9个微卫星标记，采用父系半同胞家系群体（共387个个体）构建凉山半细毛羊1号染色体遗传连锁图。

A referencing flock comprsing eight paternal half-sib families totaling 374 individuals from Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep was utilised to analyze the allele frequency, polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of nine microsatellite from 2~ chromosome of sheep genome.And the research based on the daughter design to locate the putative QTL affecting wool traits was carried out in the linkage framework-mapping of 2~ chromosome.

本研究利用凉山半细毛羊的8个父系半同胞家系共374个个体，分析了绵羊基因组2号染色体上9个微卫星标记的等位基因频率、多态信息含量和群体杂合度，利用已构建的凉山半细毛羊2号染色体遗传连锁框架图谱，采用女儿设计对影响凉山半细毛羊8个羊毛性状的数量性状位点进行了定位研究。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！