染色体

This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution.

这次全面分析包含了三种动物的基因组序列和蛋白产物以及它们与人类疾病相关性分析，重复序列，哺乳动物同源染色体区域和重排断点的比较基因组研究，祖先核型的重建，产生现有种群的事件，变异率以及种系特异和不依赖种系的事件如基因家族扩展，同源关系以及蛋白进化。生物谷评论：人类19号染色体序列被破译了。

RT-PCR detection of SYT-SSX mRNA can be used in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues as a sensitive and specific technique in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. 2. The SYT-SSX fusion type is related to histological type and cell proliferative activity of synovial sarcoma. 3. Some characteristic sequence motifs flank genomic breakpoints of chromosomal translocation of synovial sarcoma, including Alu sequences, Translin recognition sequences, topoisomerase Ⅱ recognition sites and palindromic sequences, which may be associated with chromosomal translocation of synovial sarcoma.

1、RT-PCR技术检测SYT-SSX mRNA表达可用于福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋组织，敏感性和特异性高，可用于滑膜肉瘤诊断和鉴别诊断。2、SYT-SSX融合基因类型与滑膜肉瘤组织学分型及细胞增殖活性相关。3、滑膜肉瘤染色体易位断裂点旁存在一些特征性序列，包括Alu序列、易位素识别序列、拓扑异构酶Ⅱ识别位点、回文序列等，可能与其染色体易位发生机制有关。

The karyotypes of four species in Pentatomidae were studied in male germ cells prepared on air dried slides stained with Giemsa.Karyotype analyses using specific software are made for the first time in pentatomid karyotypic study and model karyotype charts are presented.

研究了4种中国蝽科昆虫的核型和染色体的减数分裂行为，并首次在半翅目中采用核型分析软件对第一次减数分裂中期的染色体进行核型分析。

Results Chromosomal changes were detected in 4 cases by high-resolution G-banding: one case with t(4;6)(q23-24;p21), one case with longer p arm of chromosome 21 (21p+), and two cases with pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 inv(9 which was confirmed by C-banding.

结果用G带分析观察到有染色体改变的4例患者，分别为1例t(4；6)(q23-24；p21)、1例21p+和2例9号染色体臂间倒位。

The giant panda-rabbit interspecies reconstructed embryos were constructed by injection of giant panda somatic cells into the perivitelline space of the enucleated oocytes and fused by electrical stimulation, and the reconstructed embryos can develop to hatched blastocyst stage in vitro. We demonstrated that the nuclear genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that of giant panda somatic cells by chromosome count and the existence of characteristic chromosome, which was confirmed by microsatellite DNA analysis later In order to determine the fate of mtDNA of giant panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos, we analyzed the cyt b sequence of embryos at 1 -cell stage, 2-cell stage, 4-cell stage, 8 cell stage, morula stage, blastocyst stage, expanded blastocyst stage and hatched blastocyst stage.

异种克隆大熊猫重构胚是通过将大熊猫成纤维细胞移入日本大耳白兔去核卵母细胞透明带下后经电融合构建的，可在体外发育至孵化囊胚阶段，我们应用一种简便、快速的异种重构胚的鉴定方法，即通过染色体数目和特征染色体的存在初步鉴定出大熊猫-兔异种重构胚的核遗传物质来源于大熊猫供核体细胞（后经昆明动物研究所通过微卫星DNA分析验证了该结果的可靠性）。

Chromosome evolution: x= 11 occurred in most genera of Komarovieae through Selineae; other basic chromosome number originated multiple times independently in the subfamily Apioideae; For Pleurospermum and Pimpinella, the basic chromosome number of each coincide with their phylogenetic placement.

从性状演化图上看，整个芹亚科的染色体祖先状态可能为 x= 11或者 x= 6，而且亚科内的大多数类群均保持了 x= 11这一祖征；对于其它基数，一般在芹亚科内多次独立起源，构成各自的自征或者共有衍征；对于多系类群，如棱子芹属和茴芹属，染色体分析的结果很好的支持了他们各自的系统位置。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First, the healing of porotic fracture of the control group and the experimental group was assessed with X-ray and pathological examination.

在骨折不同阶段，地高辛标记鼠Y染色体探针的阳性表达特点，以雄性Y染色体为标志，追踪移植细胞的远期存活及转归。

Objective: Presymptomatic gene diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease families by PCR Methods: Genomic DNA were extracted Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers(SM7, AG2 5, KG8, CW2) linked to the PKD1were amplified using PCR Ten ADPKD families (104 members,including 28 affected) were analysed Results: Nine children were diagnosed with presymptomatic gene diagnosis ,although all children presented a negative ultrasonic diagnosis Conclusion: The presymptomatic gene diagnosis ...

目的：应用PCR方法对常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病家系进行症前基因诊断。方法：用PCR扩增与PKD1位点连锁的的高度多态性的微小卫星体DNA（SM7，AC2.5，KG8，CW2）为遗传标记，对10个ADPKD家系的104个成员（包括28个患者）找出染色体上与疾病连锁的单体型，进行连锁分析。结果：对9个无临床症状，且B超检查呈阴性结果的儿童做出了症前基因诊断。结论：能够应用PCR方法对ADP－KD家系成员快速、准确地做出基因诊断

The karyotype of the genus Lycoris has great variation,we find some new karyotypes and new chromosome number by meticulous cytological analysis, especially in Lycoris radiata which karyotypes exist tremendous variation even in different population.

石蒜属植物的染色体核型变异很大，通过细致的核型分析，发现了许多新的核型和染色体数目；其中石蒜在不同居群中的核型存在巨大的变异。

The work is both in vivo and in silico .

当人们说一个有性繁殖物种的基因组正在测序时，通常是指测定一套常染色体和两种性染色体的序列，这样来代表可能的两种性别。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！