染色体

In order to widely apply the laser microdissection technology in the descendibility analysis of plant chromosome, the microdissection and microcloning single chromosome of Asian cotton by an SLuCUT automatic laser microdissection system are studied.

为使冷激光显微切割技术在植物染色体遗传分析中广泛应用，本研究利用SLuCUT全自动激光显微切割系统对亚洲棉单条染色体进行了微切割、微收集和微克隆研究。

The plasmid DNA of Streptomyces ahygroscopicus was extracted by soda split. The plasmid DNA was partial hydrolyzed by Sau3AI, and 3.5~9 kb DNA fragment was wllected by dialyze bag.

采用碱裂解法从不吸水链霉菌提取染色体DNA，用Sau3AI对染色体DNA进行部分水解，利用透析袋法回收3.5~9kb之间的DNA片段。

As for digenic interaction, 18 pairs of epistatic loci with R2≥5% were resolved with a mean R2 of 6.9%, ranging from 5.1% to 11.8%, which was slightly larger than that of the main-effect QTLs identified for the traits. The majority of the main-effect and epistatic loci detected for seedling vigor related traits were clustered in a few chromosome regions.

种子活力相关性状的大多数主效应和互作QTLs成串分布于少数几个染色体区段（chromosome regions， CRs），并且成串分布在同一染色体区段的QTLs效应的方向总是一致，该结果与这些性状在表型上的正相关相一致。

As for digenic interaction, 18 pairs of epistatic loci with R2 ≥5 were resolved with a mean R2 of 6.9 ,ranging from 5.1 to 11.8 ,which was slightly larger than that of the main-effect QTL identified for the traits.The majority of the main-effect and epistatic loci detected for seedling vigor related traits were clustered in a few chromo-some regions.

种子活力相关性状的大多数主效应和互作QTL成串分布于少数几个染色体区段(Chromosome Regions，CRs)，并且成串分布在同一染色体区段的QTL效应的方向总是一致，该结果与这些性状在表型上的正相关相一致。

Asymmetric over-introgression of the indica alleles on chromosome 7 and many specific regions on other chromosomes in the japonica genetic background is consistent with the general trend observed in the RIL and F_2 populations of the same cross, suggesting a high genetic load in the japonica gene pool, and japonica genome experienced a very severe bottleneck by artificial domestication.2 Genetic background effect on QTL expression of grain weight and its related traitsGenetic background effect on main-effect QTL and digenic epistatic QTL mapping for GWT and its related traits including GL, GW and GT was dissected by a large set of reciprocal introgression lines and recombinant inbred lines derived from Lemont and Teqing in Beijing environment.

籼粳相互导入具有不对称性，粳稻向籼稻背景的平均导入频率与期望值相仿，相反籼稻向粳稻背景的平均导入频率大大高于理论预期，位于第7染色体和一些其它染色体的特殊区段存在籼稻等位基因的超导入现象，在来自相同亲本的重组自交系和F_2群体中也观察到同样的导入趋势，表明粳稻基因组具有较大的遗传负荷，粳稻品种在人工驯化过程中曾经历过一个非常剧烈的遗传瓶颈。2水稻籽粒相关性状的主效和互作QTL表达的遗传背景效应利用Lemont和特青培育的双向导入系和重组自交系群体，在北京环境下定位影响千粒重及其相关性状如粒长、粒宽和粒厚的主效和互作QTL，分别在特青背景导入系、Lemont背景导入系和重组自交系下检测到影响千粒重及其相关性状的主效QTL分别为33个、27个和13个，互作QTL分别为4个、8个和23个，其中仅有6个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGl1，QGl3b，QGl4，QGw7和QGw8)在籼粳两个不同背景下共同表达，3个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGwt7a和QGt5)在导入系和重组自交系中共同表达，分别占检测到影响这些性状QTL总数的11.1%和4.3%，未检测到在3个背景下相同表达的互作QTL。

To determine the true rate of aneuploidy and to elucidate the mechanism of aneuploidy,the sperms were decondensed for FISH analysis. It was found that the disomic frequencies of chromosome X was 0.208%. A new decondensation method was developed by trypsin treatment. The basic morphology of sperm was maintained.

为了解非整倍体的真实发生率及其发生机制，本文以X染色体α卫星DNA探针进一步检测出正常精子中X染色体的二体型频率为0.208％，同时，建立了一种保持精子基本形态的胰酶去凝聚的方法，为目前国内尚未开展的精子遗传物质结构的分子细胞遗传学研究，提供了新的手段。

The mean frequencies of disomic sperms for chromosome 1 and 18 in exposed group(0.088% 0.041%,and 0.087% 0.049%,respectively) were statistically increased over that of the control group(0.045% 0.024%,and 0.053% 0.028%),and the mean frequencies of nullisomic sperms for chromosome 1 and 18(0.11% 0.059%,0.075% 0.035%) in exposed group were statistically increased over that of control group too(0.048% 0.018%;0.045% 0.024%).

结构畸变测定结果：暴露组1号染色体的末端重复率、末端缺失率（分别为0.16% 0.037%，0.14% 0.053%）显著高于对照组数值(分别为0.082% 0.023%，0.069% 0.028%)；暴露组1号染色体着丝粒重复率及着丝粒缺失率(0.10% 0.035%，0.10% 0.041%)显著性高于对照组相应数值(分别为0.075% 0.023%，0.060% 0.029%)。

Mutations in DKC1 gene encoding dyskerin are responsible for the X-linked dyskeratosis congenita.

DKC存在X染色体隐性、常染色体显性和隐性三种遗传方式。

Two Erianthus arundinaceum BC1 clones Ya01-21 and Ya01-36 were studies by the means of chromosome number calculate, karyotype analysis and ITS identify.

本文对两个斑茅BC1后代，崖城01－21和崖城01－36进行ITS签定和染色体计数与核型分析，以探讨斑茅后代的染色体遗传行为。

As most Streptomyces promoters are invalid in S. erythraea, the promoter of erythromycin-resistant gene, ermE, and Streptomyces chromosomic integration site, attP, and apramycin-resistant gene, apr from plasmid pSET152 are utilized to construct the expression vector pZMW.

因大多数链霉菌质粒的启动子在糖多孢红霉菌中都不能发挥作用，故利用糖多孢红霉菌染色体上红霉素抗性基因PermE启动子作表达载体启动子，并利用pSET152质粒上链霉菌染色体整合位点和氨朴霉素抗性基因，构建了表达载体pZMW。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！