染色体

The laboratory findings of a typical CCML patient comprised of peripheral blood leukocytosis, basophilia and eosinophilia,myeloid differentiation in different stages, and increased megakaryocytes. The immunohistochemical features of the CCML consisted of highly positive MPO and CD68, significant lowering of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase, positive for Philadel- phia chromosome or chimeric BCR/ABL gene, etc. But in most cases of juvenile CCML, the Philadelphia chromosome could not be detected.

临床表现以乏力、低热、贫血、肝脾及淋巴结肿大为主要特点；典型儿童慢性髓细胞白血病的实验室特点有白细胞计数高、嗜酸和嗜碱性粒细胞增多、骨髓不同阶段髓细胞分化和巨核细胞增多；免疫组化提示CD68，髓过氧化物酶，中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分明显减低，Ph染色体或BCR/ABL融合基因阳性，而幼年型CCML的Ph染色体常为阴性。

The biosystematic relationship between two species of Nelumbo Adans.was studied by the method of karyotype analysis,genome analysis and silver-staining of interphase neclei in Nelumbo lutea Pers.

对莲属美洲黄莲和莲的3个品种的核型分析、染色体组分析和间期核银染，研究了莲属两个种的系统关系。莲属两个种的核型大致近似，均有2对具随体染色体。

A small fraction of bacterial chromosomes (such as those in Streptomyces and Borrelia) is linear and possess telomeres, which are very different from those of the eukaryotic chromosomes in structure and functions.

一小部分细菌的染色体（如链霉菌属和疏螺旋体属细菌的染色体）是线性的并且具有端粒，但是它们的端粒与其他的真核生物的端粒在结构和功能上有很大的区别。

Results In lead poisoning group, the pathological changes in genital glands of mice were obtained; sperm count, linear movement sperm and live sperm rate decreased; the elevated motionless sperm, cacospermia and primary spermatocyte chromosome aberration rate were found. In Haierfu group, the pathological changes in genital glands of mice ameliated to different degree, sperm count, linear movement sperm and live sperm rate elevated, and motionless sperm, cacospermia and primary spermatocyte chromosome aberration rate decreased.

结果 醋酸铅染毒组雄性小鼠的生殖腺有不同程度的病理学改变，精子计数、直线运动精子数、活精子率下降，而静止不动精子数、精子畸形率和初级精母细胞染色体畸变率升高；海尔福治疗组小鼠的生殖腺病理学改变有不同程度的改善，精子计数、直线运动精子数、活精子率有所升高，而静止不动精子数、精子畸形率和初级精母细胞染色体畸变率有所降低。

Objective To investigate the genomic DNA extraction methods of Cephalosporium acremonium which produce Cephalosporin C.

当提取液pH值为 9 0～10 0、EDTA浓度为 12 0mmol·L-1时，所得的顶头孢霉染色体DNA的质量和数量均较理想，每克顶头孢霉菌丝体能得到 96 μg的染色体DNA。

The basic diploid number of chromosomes in the family Cobitidae was deemed to 2n=50. The C . sinensis with 2n=40 may originate from the ancestor of the subfamily Cobitidae. The C sinensis with 2n=90 which reserved all of 40 original chromosomes maybe result from heterologous hybridization among some fishes of the subfamily Cobitidae. The C . sinensis with 2n=76 is probably a branch of hybrid offspring.

鳅科鱼类染色体的祖先二倍数是2n=50，2n=40的中华花鳅可能是由类似于泥鳅的2n=50的鳅亚科祖先经罗伯逊易位2n=50→48→40转变而来的。2n=90的中华花鳅保留了初始的40条染色体，它可能是由2n=40的中华花鳅与同为鳅亚科的其它鱼类杂交后演化而来的。2n=76的中华花鳅并非异源三倍体，它可能是杂交后演化的一个分支。

It is expected that hyg would be integrated stablely into the chromosome along with insert while spc/str would be lost during the second cross-over. Gene replacement through these two flanking sequences will result in the susceptibility of the transformants to phage φHAU3, which provides an enrichment for desired transformants by counterselection.

预期在携带有大插入片段的基因置换YAC分子进入野生型变铅青链霉菌后，YAC分子将通过1.4kb或1.0kb片段与染色体发生同源单交换，继而发生同源双交换，hyg连同大插入片段一起稳定地整合到染色体上，而spc／str丢失，从而导致菌株Hyg〓Str〓的表型。

Results:Of 585 ALL patients,551 patients received successful cytogenetic analyses (94%).

结果：585名ALL患者中共有551例核型分析成功(成功率94%)，其中300例(49%)观察到克隆性染色体异常。119例(22%)为高超二倍体(＞50条染色体)。

The gene controlling powdery mitdewresistance is preliminarily allocated on the H.villosachromosome 〓 by morphological and characteristic identifica-tion combined with cytogenetical analysis.

将性状鉴定与细胞学分析相结合，基本探明簇毛麦的V〓染色体上带有抗白粉病基因，控制簇毛麦护颖频脊簇状刚毛性状的基因在〓和〓染色体上。

CML is cytogenetically marked by the philadelphia chromosome, which originates from a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 and is molecularly marked a chimeric bcr-abl gene, resulting from juxta-positive of the abl proto-oncogene on chromosome 9 with the bcr gene, which is normally located on chromosome 22. The chimeric bcr-abl gene expression an 8. 5kb hybrid mRNA transcript giving rise to a 210-KD fusion protein (P210〓) with increased tyrosine kinase activity. P210〓 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CML. The continuous cell line K562 was established from the pleural effusion of a 53-year-old female with CML in terminal blast crisis, and was a human erythroleukemia line, contained Ph chromosome.

绝大多数慢粒患者白血病细胞中具有Ph染色体，是由9号染色体长臂3区4带和22号染色体长臂1区1带相互易位形成，即t（9；22），使位于9q〓的c-abl原癌基因在第二外显子的5'端断裂并易位到22 q〓的M-bcr基因第2或第3外显子的3'端，形成异常的bcr-abl嵌合基因，该基因转导出异常的mRNA，编码并翻译出P210蛋白，该蛋白具有很强的酪氨酸激酶活性，使粒细胞发生恶性增殖。K562细胞属于慢粒急变、红白血病细胞株，具有Ph染色体。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！