染色体

Because more than 75. 4% regions were occupied by heterochromatin on the sex chromosomes of spiny eel, its X library should be a good tool to isolate the heterochromatic highly repetitive sequences DNA and study its origin and evolution.

在刺鳅的性染色体上，75.4％以上的长度都是异染色质区域，因此，刺鳅X染色体文库也为分离获得鱼类性染色体上异染色质重复序列，探讨其起源和进化规律提供了良好的实验材料。

Both single genes and chromosome segments may be hemizygous; for example, the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex, and whole chromosomes in aneuploids.

单独的基因和染色体片断都有可能是半合子。例如在异型性别中的 X 染色体以及非整倍体中的全部染色体。

In this study, the variability of number of telomere DNA in maize genome was discussed, we have located and analyzed the sites of the 45 S and 5S rDNA on the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

的有丝分裂中期染色体进行了确定分析，较强的45S rDNA信号共有两对，分别分布在大麦的第1染色体的短臂和第2染色体的长臂。

The results showed that all of them could detect the presence of ZFY DNA sequences except a 46 XX"male"and a 46 XX hermaphrodite, our findings confirmed that Ferguson-Smith〔1966〕 forwarded the hypothesis that the X-Y intercharge model for XX maleness can be regarded as an abnormal exchange initaited in a region proximal to TDF and extending to the telomere,and,also strongly suggested that ZFY gene palyed an important role in sex determining of human.

结果除一例46XX两性畸形，一例46XX&男性&外，余均能检测到ZFY DNA序列(ZFY DNA序列存在于46XX真两性畸形和45XO Turner's综合症，在国内外尚未见报道)。证实了1966年，Ferguson-Smith提出的理论：在父源减数分裂期间，X-Y发生不等交换，导致Y染色体DNA插入性易位。XX男性是由于Y染色体上的TDF基因转移至X染色体上所致。

Results: a In the negative control group, spontaneous chromosome aberration and micronucleus rated the mice's were very low; in the positive control group, chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate of the mice's were highest. b Before cyclophosphamide intoxation, when the four kinds of vegetables and hilts juice were preventively irrigated into the mice's stomachs respectively, the chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate in the negative control group were lower than these in the positive control group (P.05); but after intoxation, when the four kinds of vegetables and fruits juice were therapeutically irrigated into the mice's stomachs respectively, the chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate were similar with the result above mentioned . c Acing the four kinds of vegetables and fruits, sea-buckthorn lad the best preventive and curative effects.

结果：a在阴性对照组中，小鼠自发的染色体畸变率和微核率极低；在阳性对照组中，小鼠染色体畸变率和微核率最高。b在环磷酰胺染毒之前，分别将4种蔬菜水果汁给小鼠进行预防性灌胃，其染色体畸变率和微核率均比阳性对照组低(P.05)；在染毒之后，分别将4种蔬菜水果给小鼠治疗性灌胃，其结果与上述实验结果相似。c在4种蔬菜水果中，以沙棘的预防和治疗效果为最好。

The main results and conclusions are as followings.1, The histone deacetylase inhibitors were used to feed the larve of the fly, and then the polytene chromosomes were observed under the microscope.

得到的主要结果和结论如下： 1，通过用去乙酰化酶抑制剂处理果蝇幼虫，观察果蝇多线染色体在热休克基因处的形态变化，发现去乙酰化酶抑制剂介导的乙酰化水平的升高可引起染色体结构的显著变化，推测乙酰化修饰不仅影响分子间的相互作用而且还可以影响染色体的高级结构。

To localize the functional positions of biomolecules in ciliates cell, we constructed a macronuclear artificial chromosome containing a gene encoding red fluorescence protein based on the structural characteristics of ciliates chromosome.

为了能够有效地分析生物大分子在该细胞中的功能作用位点，本研究根据该生物染色体结构的特征，构建了含有红色荧光蛋白的大核人工染色体EoMAC_R，并与之前构建的含绿色荧光的大核染色体EoMAC_G一起，对蛋白质合成终止有关的3个重要因子核糖体大亚基蛋白L11、多肽链释放因子eRF1和eRF3在八肋游仆虫细胞中进行了荧光共定位分析。

The chromosomes are composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, and their karyotypes are rather symmetrical although with evident difference.

结果表明：所有供试材料的染色体数目均为2n=24，核型类型均为&2A&型；染色体主要由中部着丝点和近中部着丝点染色体组成，属较对称核型。

Referring to the palaeontological data and the geographical distribution of existing species,the authors come to the conclusion that the main mechanism of chromosome evolution of Cervus is the Robertsonian fission,a metacentric or submetacentric fission in the centric region into two acrocentrics.

结合对鹿属古生物学资料和现代各个种的地理分布的分析，作者认为，鹿属染色体进化的主要机制是罗伯逊断裂，即一条中部着丝点染色体在着丝点部位断裂成为两条端着丝点染色体。

The results showed that there was hybridization signal on metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus of human,but no signal on metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus of Microtus mandarinus.According to the results,we discussed the homologue between pY3.4 in Y chromosome of humanbeing and DNA of Microtus mandarinus and FISH result of Microtus mandarinus.

结果显示，人的中期染色体上和间期细胞核中发现了杂交信号，棕色田鼠的未发现杂交信号，由此讨论了棕色田鼠DNA与人Y染色体pY3.4的同源性和棕色田鼠的FISH结果，以便进一步研究棕色田鼠Y染色体。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！