染料

Milk fiber.The influence of pH value,dyeing temperature and neutral electrolytes on percent exhaustion were studied.The dyeing rates and buildingup properties of these dyes were also discussed.The effect of pH value was prominent on percent exhaustion,showing that the electrovalent bond between the dyes and the casein component of the fiber played an important role in the uptake of dyes.The ...

染液pH值、染色温度、元明粉等对上染率的影响，以及这两类染料在牛奶丝上的染色速度和提升性能的研究表明，牛奶丝染色受pH值影响很大，说明染料与酪素蛋白之间的离子键结合对染料上染起重要作用；元明粉在各pH值下对上染率的影响显示，牛奶丝的等电点约为4；酸性染料对牛奶丝的初染率高、初染速度快，但80℃恒温下的上染速度却慢于蚕丝和羊绒；牛奶丝染色对pH值的敏感性大于蚕丝和羊绒，且其酸性染料上的提升力较蚕丝和羊绒差。

Based on the analysis of absorption characteristic of desensitizing dye the free photoelectron decay curves of desensitized silver chloride emulsion exposed by 532nm are measured by microwave absorption and dielectric spectrum detection technology.

在对减感染料的吸收特性进行分析的基础之上，利用微波吸收介电谱检测技术测量了减感后氯化银乳剂在532nm波长曝光下的光电子衰减曲线，通过分析减感染料对光电子强度和衰减的影响，发现在光谱增感波段减感染料通过与增感染料相互竞争的吸(来源：A17B7464C论文网www.abclunwen.com)收光而影响光谱增感乳剂的光电子强度，并且减感染料通过俘获光电子使光谱增感乳剂的光电子的衰减变快。

A dye recycled photosensitization system has been designed. As a result of studies in the mechanism of electron transfer reaction of xanthene iodonium salt, it is proposed that the dye-recycled process consists of three-step reactions during the photosensitization: The oxidative fading product of dye is formed through electron transfer under irradiation; In the presence of H-donor, product changes into acidic leuco dye product; Product undergoes deprotonization under action of base to regenerate initial dye.

本文设计了染料循环再生的光敏反应体系，通过对占吨碘翁盐电子反应机制的深入研究，提出了占吨染料在光敏反应过程中的染料再生循环，它依次由三个反应过程组成：在光作用下，通过电子转移反应，产生染料氧化褪色体；在H给体存在下，通过H转移反应，使产物转化为染料酸式隐色体；在碱作用下，发生去质子反应，染料再生回复到染料的起始结构。

Dye can bring a little color to life, most clothing is color with dyes, modern manufacture dyes can be costly, natural dyes from plan t and animal products have been used since ancient times, so this week, we describe by natural way to dye world, the advice comes from information written by Jenny Tim of the intermedial technology development group in Briton, this anti group is now called practical action, there are several messages to put dye onto material, the vent message for example, can be used to dye wool with onion skins, for this example, use 100 grams of natural wool, the wool must be clean, leave it overnight in water and liquid soap, then wash it with clean water that is a little warm, gently out the water, a solution called a moderant is used in the dying process, a moderant helps fix the dye to the material, traditionally moderants were found in nature, wood ash is one of example, but chemical moderants such as ironare popular today, iron is so would in many stores, it is often mixed with queen of daughter, a finding powder commonly used in cooking.

使用染料可以为生活带来更多的色彩。许多的布料都是通过染料来上色的。现代工业制造的染料通常都非常的贵，从古时起，人们就知道从植物或者动物产品中提取天然染料。这周，我们就来讨论一下如何用天然的方法来给羊毛着色。这一建议来自英国中级技术发展组的Jenny Dean的信息。这一古老贫穷的小组现在被称为实用性活动。把染料加到材料上有几种方法。其中之一是大桶法。举例来说，就是用洋葱皮来染羊毛。这一例子中，用100g的天然羊毛。羊毛必须清洗。用液体肥皂浸泡过夜。然后用温的干净的水冲洗它。轻柔地把多余的水分压挤出来。一种叫做媒染的溶剂也用于染洗过程。媒染是用来固定染料和材料的。传统的方法是，媒染是来天然的，比如木灰。但是像明矾这样的化学媒染在今天也是很流行的。明矾在许多商场都有出售。它通常和一种经常被用于烹调的粉状物-酒石混在一起。我们用多一点点的辛苦，来交换多一点点的幸福

Mechanistically, the photocatalytic processes are based on the electron transfer from a excited dyes to the conduction band of TiO〓 semiconductor and subsequent some reactions such as the further reaction of injected electrons with adsorbed oxygen and complicated decomposition processes of dye cationic radicals to lead to dye degradation or mineralization, which offers a feasibility of utilizing inexpensive visible light or most part of solar spectra to treat dye pollutants.

其光催化过程的机理为：染料在可见光下被激发，电子从激发态染料传输到TiO〓半导体的导带，随后发生一系列的反应，如注入的电子与吸附的氧反应以及染料正碳自由基复杂的分解反应导致了染料的降解和矿化，这就为利用廉价的可见光或太阳光中的大部分可见光谱来处理染料污染物提供了可能。

The two-photon absorption cross-sections of these styryl derivatives were determined by Z-scan technique, and the benzothiazolium derivatives exhibited the largest TPA cross-sections (10〓s·cm〓/photon) and the best power limiting ability at high operable incident intensity. The results show that the benzothiazolium derivatives are promising organic compounds as two-photon absorption optical limiting materials. 2. Several organic dyes active to 800nm femtosecond laser with D-π-A structure were designed and synthesized.

研究了它们的上转换荧光、上转换激射和光限幅行为，通过改变染料分子共轭体系的大小，首次实现了在576nm-635nm范围内的双光子上转换激光波长的调节，其中噻唑啉碘盐类二苯乙烯化合物的双光子上转换激射峰（576nm）是迄今在1064nm皮秒激光作用下能够得到的最短波长的激光；阴离子显著改变上转换激射效率，但对上转换荧光峰和激射峰的位置影响很小；增加溶液的浓度，上转换荧光光谱和激射光谱红移，并在一定的浓度范围内，能够有效的提高上转换激射效率；利用Z-扫描技术测定了染料分子的双光子吸收截面，发现苯并噻唑类染料分子的双光子吸收截面高达10〓s·cm〓／photon，而且在较大的入射光强范围内，这类染料分子具有较大的光限幅能力，是一类作为双光子吸收光限幅材料很有潜力的染料分子。

The flocculated decolorization of dyes has something to do with their structure.

染料分子的结构对其絮凝脱色的影响研究显示：从能量相互作用来看，染料分子中磺酸基个数越多，其与聚合物絮凝剂PAN-DCD的键合程度越高，染料的脱色率越大；从疏水相互作用来看，染料分子中疏水基团越多，其与PAN-DCD的相互作用越大，疏水基团的体积越大，染料的脱色效果越好。

The output power of the amplifier was over 52 W, and the extraction efficiency was up to 41%. The experimental results of the extraction efficiency and output power related to the laser wavelength, input dye laser power and pump beam′s temporal and spatial performance have been given.

给出了染料激光波长、注入染料激光功率以及抽运激光的时间和空间匹配特性与染料激光放大器输出激光功率和抽运激光功率提取效率的相互关系，讨论了染料溶液浓度对双侧横向抽运方式的脉冲染料激光放大器的输出光束质量的影响。

Through taken the measurements of pH, TOC, UV-Vis spectra and high-performance liquid chromatograph in the degrading process of solution ,it was found that the COD of dye solution increased, pH continuing declined and TOC reduced gradually. The UV-Vis spectra and high-performance shown that though dye molecules had been destroyed, Strong Chromophore Azo Double Bond of dye was certainly under attack, the big conjugated system was vandalized and dye molecules were decolorized degradation, but they were not completely changed into carbon dioxide and other inorganic matter by mineralization, it appeared accumulation of aromatic ring and double benzene nucleus, so it is thus evident that complete destruction of aromatic ring is more difficult than the double benzene.

通过测定直接大红染料脱色过程中的溶液pH、TOC、紫外可见光谱图和高效液相色谱图可知，在脱色处理时间(6h)范围内，染料溶液的COD值增大， pH值持续下降，TOC值逐渐降低，结合紫外可见光谱图和高效液相色谱图，说明染料分子虽然已经遭到破坏，染料分子内强生色基团偶氮双键确实遭到攻击，大的共轭体系被破坏，染料分子被脱色，却没有完全被彻底矿化成二氧化碳等无机物，出现了芳环和萘环结构的累积现象，可见完全破坏芳环比破坏偶氮双键发色团更困难。

The paper compares four types of dyes using in China,they are basic dyes,alkali basic dyes,modified specific dyes and anionic direct dye s base in their performance and cost.

对基本染料、碱性基本染料、改进型专用染料和阴离子直接染料等国内市场常用的 4种染料的性能和成本进行了分析，并提出使用直接染料将是牛皮箱纸板染色的发展趋势。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。