枯草

Effect of entophytic bacteria strain E1R-J on cabbage and radish seed germination, seedling growth was studied in plates, pot and outdoor field experiment.

通过萝卜、白菜的种子萌发试验、幼苗盆栽试验以及小区试验，对小麦内生枯草芽孢杆菌E1R-J菌株的促生作用进行了研究。

A bacteriocin-like substance producing strain T12 was screened from 212 lactic acid bacteria isolated from intestine of healthy pigs by paper disk test and was identified as Lactobacillus. The supernatant of T12 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the gram-positive bacteria, including Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. A strong activity was also observed against the gram–negative bacteria and some eumycete, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Fusarium graminearum.

通过滤纸片法从健康肉猪猪大肠、小肠中分离得到212株抗生物质产生菌，以杯碟法复筛，得到1株对溶壁微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌和大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌等革兰氏阴性菌以及部分真菌如禾谷镰刀霉均有强烈抑制作用的乳酸菌。

The study of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that the strain 32-11-2-2 was a slight halophilic strain; it had the morphological characteristics of a continent Bocillus and could produce amylase, fluidify glutin; and it also showed a positive reaction in the litmus milk test. The 16S rDNA analysis showed the strain 32-11-2-2 had a 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis.

结果：分离得到421株细菌，包括活性菌株54株，其中活性菌株32-11-2-2是一株弱嗜盐菌，具有陆地芽孢杆菌的形态特点，能产生胞外淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶，液化明胶、石蕊牛奶反应阳性，16S rDNA序列分析该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌同源性达到98%以上。

The fungicidal activity of methanol extract was higher than that of ethyl acetate extract, and the inhibition rates were higher than 90% against Alternaria longipes, Fusarium oxysporium, Gibberella zeae, Glomerella cingulata, Exserohilum turcicum under the concentration of 1000g/mL The results of the inhibition of spore germination indicated that the fermentation products exhibited obvious inhibition rate against Alternaria longipes, Exserohilum turcicum and Fusarium coeruleum, the EC50 values was 59.4g/mL, 96.5g/mL and 132.5g/mL. In the bioassay of the fermentation products against Bacillus sub tills and Bacillus cereus, by means of detection fo inhibition zone, the inhibition zone diameter was 20mm and 27mm. The results of pot tests that methanol extract showed higher than 70% of protective efficacy and therapeutic efficacy against wheat powdery mildew under the concentration of 2000g/mL.

其中，甲醇提取物的抑菌活性比乙酸乙酯提取物强，在1000g/mL浓度下对烟草赤星病菌、马铃薯干腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米大斑病菌的菌丝生长抑制率均大于90%；抑制孢子萌发法试验结果表明，2K3菌株菌丝体的甲醇提取物对烟草赤星病菌玉米大斑病菌和马铃薯干腐病菌的EC50分别为59.4g/mL、96.5g/mL和132.5g/mL；管碟法生测结果表明，2K3菌株菌丝体的甲醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20mm和27mm；盆栽试验结果表明，2K3菌株菌丝体的甲醇提取物在2000g/mL浓度下对小麦白粉病的治疗和保护作用均在70%以上。

The fungicidal activity of methanol extract was higher than that of ethylacetate extract. The bioassay showed that the methanol extracts of strain As fermentation products had certain degree fungicidical activity against Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria longipes, Glomerella cingulata, Curvulavia lunata, Gibberella zeae, Valsa malt under the concentration of 4000μg/mL, the inhibiting ratio against pathogen growth was ranging from 62.9%~85.1%; The results of the inhibition of spore germination indicated that the fermentation products exhibited obvious inhibition rate against Alternaria longipes, the EC50 values was 62.5328μg/mL; The bioassay showed that the methanol extracts of strain As fermentation products had certain degree fungicidical activity against Bacillus cereus , Bacillus subtilis.

其中甲醇提取物的抑菌活性较乙酸乙酯好，在4000μg/mL浓度下对番茄灰霉病菌、烟草赤星病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米弯孢叫斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌6种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用，抑制率在62.9%~85.1%；抑制孢子萌发试验表明：菌丝体甲醇提取物对烟草赤星病菌的毒力较好，其EC50仅为62.5328μg/mL；抑制细菌活性表明菌丝体甲醇提取物对蜡状芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有一定的抑制作用，而对大肠杆菌无明显的抑制作用。

Niger treated with dibromo- dichloro - glycoluril disinfectant.

结 果以含有效成分284mg／L的二溴二氯甘脲消毒剂作用30min，可使枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞杀灭率达到99.99％。

Result3 strains of endophytic fungi had growth peak when the pH value was 6.5-7.5,and could grow within pH of 4.0-8.5. Their acid-alkali adaptability was strong,in which the P-3 adaptability was the strongest. P-1and P-2 had the stronger inhibition to the Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,and P-3 only had the little inhibition to Escherichia coli. The 3 endophytic fungi all had inhibitory effect on Podosphaera leucotrlcha,Alternaria mali,and Gymnosporangium yamadae Miyabe,in which,P-1 had the better inhibitory ability.

结果3株内生真菌在pH值6.5～7.5出现生长最高峰，在pH值4.0～8.5都可以生长，酸碱适应性很强，其中P-3的适应性最强。P-1和P-2对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌都有较强的抑制能力，而P-3只对大肠杆菌有很微弱的抑制能力。3株内生真菌对苹果锈病病原菌、苹果白粉病病原菌、苹果落叶病病原菌都有抑制作用，其中P-1的抑制能力较强。

Results:(1) The optimum conditions for protease induction were: 26℃, initial pH 6.0 and inoculative quantity of fungal hyphae=1g/100ml, using chitin as the inducer;(2) Pr1 was purified and its molecular weight was determined as 33kDa.

结果：(1)以几丁质为唯一碳氮源，在26℃，初始pH值6.0，1%的菌丝接种量为最佳诱导条件；(2)分离得到的类枯草杆菌蛋白酶，并测定其分子量约为33kDa。

The biotransformations of isoeugenol to vanillin with various strains available in our lab were tested. It was found that several baterica including Bacillus subtilus 7658, Alcaligenes AS1.7617, Brevibacterium flavum 1.7a and Brevibacterium flavum AS1.013 could convert isoeugenol to vanillin.

对实验室所保藏的细菌、放线菌、真菌进行初步筛选发现细菌中枯草芽孢杆菌7658、粪产碱杆菌AS1.7617、黄色短杆菌1.7a、黄色短杆菌AS1.013能产生少量香草醛，最高浓度为0.31 g/L；放线菌中诺卡氏菌Nocardia sp。

Lactobacillus plantarum had lipolytic activity. Bacillus subtilis not only had the lipolysis but also had proteolysis.Single strains fermenting experiment showed that, the effect of different strain to the pH, acidity, the total amino acid were not signifient, Pediococcus pentosaceusand Lactobacillus plantarum could improve the content of free amino acid in dried beef.

研究结果表明：沃氏葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌和植物乳杆菌只有脂肪酶活性，无蛋白酶活性；松鼠葡萄球具有弱蛋白酶活性；木糖葡萄球菌具有弱脂肪酶活性；戊糖片球菌具有脂肪酶活性，而蛋白酶活性较弱；枯草芽孢杆菌具有两种酶活性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。