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Studies on the autointoxication of Chinese fir show that the aqueous extracts of surface soil, leaf litter, half decaying leaf litter, fresh leaf, branch, bark and root in pure Chinese fir plantation and their polyvinyl pyrrolidone k30 solutions affected the seed germination of Chinese fir, Raphanus sativous and water convolvulus.

对杉木自毒作用研究表明，杉木纯林中的土壤、枯落叶、半分解枯落叶和杉木鲜叶、枝条、树皮、树根的水浸液及其添加乙烯吡咯啉酮k30 的溶液对杉木种子、空心菜种子和萝卜种子的萌发均有影响。

Enjoying chrysanthemum,inserting it on the hair and drinking the chrysanthemum liquor are the most important activities in the Double Ninth Festival, which stem from the antiquity psychology of avoiding disaster and evil and desiring immortality.

对菊花的艺术表现有一个从写形到写神的发展过程，表现出唐宋两个时期的不同美学追求，唐代注意写菊花的姿态美，具象化，而宋代追求清枯之美，多写枯菊、残菊。

After application in watermelon, Fengle Nutritious Seed Coating for melon and vegetable (1:40 for ratio of the chemical to seeds) and 13% Carbendazim Coating (1:40 for ratio of the chemical to seeds) were selected, which incresed germination and emergence rate and improved seedling growth.

在西瓜种子上包衣应用后，筛选出效果较好的丰乐营养瓜菜包衣剂（药种比为1：40）和13%多福甲枯悬浮种衣剂（药种比为1：40），提高了种子的发芽和出苗率，促进了瓜苗素质的提高，对苗期猝倒病、立枯病和成株期枯萎病、炭疽病防效较好并有显著的增产作用。

On the inhibition to mycelial growth, the 95% ethanol extract had significantly inhibition to P. ultimum, F. oxysporum f. sp cucumber, R. solani and B. cinerea, and at the top treatment concentration of 0.002 g/mL, the inhibition rate reached to 60.32% 58.50%, 55.89% and 55.17%, respectively; But the 95% ethanol extract almost had no inhibition to S. rolfsii, its rate was just 17.19% at 0.002 g/mL.③On the inhibition to sprouting, the 95% ethanol extract had significantly inhibition to B. cinerea, R. solani, F. oxysporum f. sp cucumber and P. ultimum, and at the top treatment concentration of 0.002 g/mL, the inhibition rate reached to 95.24%, 90.48%, 89.47% and 85.71%, respectively; and the rate would exceed 40% to four fungi mentioned above when their concentration was not lower to 0.005g/mL. The 95% ethanol extracthad infirm inhibition to S. rolfsii, its rate was just 43.48% at 0.002 g/mL.

在抑制菌丝生长方面，鱼腥草95%醇提物对豌豆根腐病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、马铃薯立枯丝核病菌和大白菜灰霉病菌均有良好的抑制作用，在最高处理浓度为0.002 g/mL时抑制率分别达到60.32%、58.50%、55.89%和55.17%；对辣椒白绢病菌几乎没有抑制作用，在最高处理浓度为0.002 g/mL时抑制率仅为17.19%；③在抑制孢子萌发方面，鱼腥草95%醇提物对大白菜灰霉病菌、马铃薯立枯丝核病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌和豌豆根腐病菌抑制效果明显，在最高处理浓度为0.002 g/mL时的抑制率分别达到95.24%、90.48%、89.47%和85.71%，且在处理浓度不低于0.000 5 g/mL时对以上4种真菌孢子的抑制率超过40%；对辣椒白绢病菌抑制作用较弱，在最高处理浓度为0.002 g/mL时仅为43.48%。

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the casual agent of bacterial blight of rice, is one of the most important pathogens of rice in the world, and a bacterial pathogen model to study the plant-pathogen interactions.

水水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae，简称Xoo)引起的白叶枯病是世界水稻生产上最严重的细菌病害之一，也是植物一病原物互作研究的重要模式系统之一。

The studies biological characteristics of Pestalotia funerea and its pathogenic toxin have important theoretical and practical significances to further explore pathogenic mechanism of this fungus,the occurrence and epidemical law and control method of pine needle blight.

开展枯斑盘多毛孢菌生物学特性及致病毒素的研究对深入探索松赤枯病的发生发展规律、发病机理、防治方法有重要的理论和实践意义。

On the basis of ecologic balance, developing the complex biological preparation as a goal, we first explored two compatibly antagonists to control the leaf disease of forest plant and hoped this two antagonistic fungi could play a cooperative role in controlling the pine needle blight. The main research results were as follows: 1 , The dual test showed the two antagonistic fungi(Gliocladiutm virens ,Bacillus firmus)had some differences to Pestalotia funerea in the inhibition mode. The role of G virens to the P.funerea, mainly displayed the competition in the nutrition and space, but the B. firmus had the distinct inhibition zone to the P.

本研究以生态平衡为理论基础，开发复合生物制剂为目标，首次将两种亲和拮抗菌用于森林植物叶部病害，以期两种复合拮抗菌在松属植物赤枯病防治中发挥协同作用，其主要研究结果如下： 1、对峙培养显示两种颉抗菌(Gliocladium virens、Bacillus firmus)对赤枯病菌的抗生方式有一些差异。G.virens对P.funerea的作用，主要表现为营养与空间上的竞争，无抑菌圈；而B.firmus对P.funerea有明显的抑菌圈(平均6mm)，对峙培养4-5d后菌丝逐稀疏、干枯、变黄。

Among the 36 isolated pathogenies of bacterial wilt diseases of solanacae crops, 33 strains were identified as typical strains of R. solanacearum (91.67%). The ratios of the pathogenies identified as R. solanacearum were 100.0%, 90.0% and 89.5% on eggplant, tomato and pepper, respectively.

经选择性培养分离得到的36株青枯病原菌中，有33株鉴定为典型的青枯雷尔氏菌，占91.67%；茄子、番茄和辣椒上的青枯病原菌被鉴定为青枯雷尔氏菌的比例分别为100%、90%和89.47%。

The identification of tea plant resistance to tea brown blight The resistance of 13 tea plant cultivars to tea brown blight had the difference or remarkable difference. In general, the resistance of big leaf cultivars was relatively weaker, the resistance of middle leaf cultivars was relatively stronger.

茶树品种抗云纹叶枯病的鉴定 13 个茶树品种对茶云纹叶枯病的抗性存在显著差异，一般大叶种材料的抗性较弱，中叶种材料的抗性较强。

Cv. Nipponbare was grown hydroponically to study the effect of different Si application methods on dry weight of plants with or without inoculation, and the effect of Si addition or not on key enzyme activities and the resistance to Xoo after inoculation.

cv。 Nipponbare为材料，在水培条件下，研究接种白叶枯病菌、施硅对水稻干物质累积的影响；接种病菌条件下，施硅与否对水稻叶片关键酶活性的影响及其与水稻白叶枯病抗性的关系。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。