枢椎

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of atlantoaxial pedicle screw system in the treatment of atlantoaxial instability from odontoid fracture.

目的：分析椎弓根钉棒系统治疗齿状突骨折引起寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效。

Apofix technigue was used to treat 17 cases of fresh odontoid fracture and 1 case of old odontoid fracutre.

采用Apofix椎板钩治疗新鲜齿状突骨折17例，陈旧性骨折1例，均伴有寰枢椎不稳，并有不同程度的枕颈部疼痛，活动受限。

Methods: Injured patients of cervical spine was cayyied on X-ray inspection.,then according to the result of ADI and LADS ,next to CT or MRI inspection ,and that was to guide clinical diagonosis and treatment.To observe atlanto-dental interval (anterior arch of atlas posterior border to odontoid process anterior border) and odontoid process caster(included angle between axis of ordinate of odontoid process and axis of ordinate of odontoid vertebra) on the X-ray lateral projection.

对有颈部外伤史的病人常规行X线检查，然后根据寰齿间距和齿突侧块间隙的结果，行下一步CT检查或者MRI检查，指导临床治疗方法的选择。X线侧位片观察寰齿前间隙(为寰椎前弓后缘与齿突前缘距离)，齿状突后倾角(齿突纵轴与枢椎体纵轴的夹角)；开口正位片上测定齿突侧块间隙。

Objective To investigate a new method for axial pedicle screw placement based on virtual-reality technology.

目的 探索以虚拟现实技术为基础的枢椎椎弓根螺钉置入方法。

Method］Eighteen cases performed Vertex technique were included in this study. The early complications included vertebral artery injury (2 cases), logagnosia (1 case), anopsia(1 case), hematorrhea (1 case) and wrong instrumentation (1 case).

方法］对18例齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位中的5例6项术中和术后早期发生的椎动脉损伤、失语、失明、大出血、置钉错误等并发症的原因进行分析，避免并发症的发生。

Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical stability of C1-C2 pedicle screws fixation technique for atlantoaxial instability.

目的：评价寰枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉钢板固定的生物力学稳定性。

Objective: To evaluate safety and reliability with freehand technique of posterior lateral mass screw implantation in the treatment of atlantoaxial instability.

目的：评价寰枢椎后路侧块和椎弓根螺钉徒手置入技术的安全性和可靠性。

And then the occipitocervical fusion, Brook-Jenkin atlantoaxial fusion, odontoid process compressive screw and vertebral double screws fixture were performed according to different fractures or dislocations.

交通事故伤30例，高处坠落伤6例。临床均有颈部疼痛、活动受限。有不同程度神经受压症状与体征者25例。根据损伤类型，分别采用枕颈框架植骨融合术，Brook-Jenkin寰枢椎融合术，齿状突直接加压螺钉内固定术，前路椎体双螺钉固定术。

The transverse ligament prevents excessive anterior shift of the atlas on the axis, whereas the alar ligaments prevent excessive rotation; the right alar ligament limits left rotation and vice versa.20 The transverse ligament may be incompetent, leading to a widened ADI on lateral radiographs or on CT scanning.

横韧带预防寰椎在枢椎上过度前移，而翼状韧带预防过度旋转。左侧翼状韧带限制左旋，反之亦然[20]。横韧带不完整可以导致侧位片或CT扫描时出现ADI增宽。

An electrophysiologic study on sEMG of trunk rotaory muscles in stroke patients;2. The characteristics of the skeletons of the trunk in bactrian camel are the following.

双峰驼躯干骨的特征如下：寰椎的背腹侧嵴都不明显，有外侧孔、翼孔、横突孔；枢椎较长；第3，4和5颈椎的横突前支比后支长；第6颈椎有不太典型的横突中支；第7颈椎横突不分支。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。