枢

Objective: To study three-dimensional movement of four type of posterior atlantoaxial fixation techniques of type Ⅱ odontoid process fracture.

目的：对寰枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折实验模型的4种后路内固定方式下的三维运动范围进行实验研究，为临床选择内固定方法提供生物力学依据。

Apofix technigue was used to treat 17 cases of fresh odontoid fracture and 1 case of old odontoid fracutre.

采用Apofix椎板钩治疗新鲜齿状突骨折17例，陈旧性骨折1例，均伴有寰枢椎不稳，并有不同程度的枕颈部疼痛，活动受限。

Then the odontoid was transected at the fracture site to fully release the atlantoaxial joint.

接着，齿状突在骨折点截断以完全松解寰枢关节。

All of them were diagnosed correctly,and were demonstrated well, which appeared as interrupted continuity of the bone,rotation of atlantoaxial joint,or widened of odontoid process anterior diastema.

寰枢椎损伤的多层螺旋CT扫描和三维重建，能更好显示骨折的情况，可作为上颈椎损伤临床诊断和治疗影像学的首选方法。

Methods The ligamentous, nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element models of normal upper cervical spine (C0-C3) and type II odontoid fracture were developed and validated.

方法建立具有详细解剖结构的上颈椎(C0-C3)及寰枢椎不稳定的有限元模型并验证其有效性。

Methods: Injured patients of cervical spine was cayyied on X-ray inspection.,then according to the result of ADI and LADS ,next to CT or MRI inspection ,and that was to guide clinical diagonosis and treatment.To observe atlanto-dental interval (anterior arch of atlas posterior border to odontoid process anterior border) and odontoid process caster(included angle between axis of ordinate of odontoid process and axis of ordinate of odontoid vertebra) on the X-ray lateral projection.

对有颈部外伤史的病人常规行X线检查，然后根据寰齿间距和齿突侧块间隙的结果，行下一步CT检查或者MRI检查，指导临床治疗方法的选择。X线侧位片观察寰齿前间隙(为寰椎前弓后缘与齿突前缘距离)，齿状突后倾角(齿突纵轴与枢椎体纵轴的夹角)；开口正位片上测定齿突侧块间隙。

Objective To investigate a new method for axial pedicle screw placement based on virtual-reality technology.

目的 探索以虚拟现实技术为基础的枢椎椎弓根螺钉置入方法。

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of using pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of hangmans fracture.

小摘要：目的评介椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗枢椎椎弓骨折的临床应用价值。

These first and second pairs of additional yarns (20, 22, 24, 26) separate the endmost CMD yarns from the pintle.

所述第一和第二对附加纱线(20、22、24、26)将所述最外端CMD纱线与所述枢销分开。

Then, the control column pivot arms were placed into their housings.

然后，控制栏枢轴武器置于他们的外罩。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。