果糖

Whangkeumbae and Yali Pear were used in the determination of nutritional components contents during fruits maturation: contents of soluble sugar, fructose, glucose and sucrose gradually increased, contents of starch, vitamin C and cellulose gradually decreased, contents of protein and titrable acid increased first and then decreased, content of major elements decreased and content of minor elements showed different trends.

黄金和鸭梨两个品种表现出相同的变化规律，其中：可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量在果实成熟过程中均呈上升趋势；淀粉、维生素C和纤维素含量呈下降趋势；可溶性蛋白和可滴定酸含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势；矿质元素中大量元素均表现出下降趋势而微量元素则表现不同的变化趋势。

Analysis of nutritional components in pear fruits of different varieties showed that fructose, glucose and sucrose were predominant sugar in pear fruits, the content of which ranged from 3.40% to 9.24%, 0.21% to 2.72%, 0.10% to 1.69%, respectively; Content of titrable acid was the highest in Bayuehong Pear(0.286%) and lowest in Atago(0.078%); Content of Vitamin C was the highest in Beurre Bosc (9.50 mg/100g) and lowest in Lubaoshi Pear(1.89mg/100g); Content of protein ranged from 127 to 428 mg/100g, content of free amino acid ranged from 24.8 to 77.4 mg/100g; Contents of the same mineral element of different pear varieties were different.

不同梨品种果实营养成分含量的分析结果表明：果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖是梨果实中的主要糖类，品种间三种糖的含量有较大差异，所测品种果实中三种糖的含量范围分别为：3.40%～9.24%、0.21%～2.72%、0.10%～1.69%；可滴定酸的含量以八月红最高(0.286%)，爱宕最低(0.078%)；维生素C的含量以博斯克最高(9.50 mg/100g)，绿宝石最低(1.89mg/100g)；不同品种间可溶性蛋白和氨基酸的含量差异较大，其含量范围分别为127～428mg/100g和77.4～24.8 mg/100g；不同品种间同一矿质元素的含量存在较大差异。

At last, the effects of JA on the bile salt resistance of Bifidobacteria were studied.The test proved that:Deoxycholic acid Na-Salt had intensely toxical action on Blm and Bbm;Adding glucose and fructose in media could decrease the lexical action on Bbm.but inulinand JAP had not apparent effect.

初步研究了菊芋对双歧杆菌的胆盐耐受性的影响，实验表明，脱氧胆酸钠盐对Blm和Bbm有一定毒性作用；在培养基中补充一定量的葡萄糖和果糖可以改善Bbm的胆盐耐受性，而菊糖和菊芋粉对提高Blm和Bbm的胆盐耐受性没有明显作用。

Result At 5 and 25 mgkg^(-1), the total respiratory rate had a similar trend with tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway, T1, and T2 were higher than the control on the 1st day and then declined three days late but they had a recover on the last day. Embden-Meyer-hot-Parnas pathway had a declined trend forever. The respiratory rate of the total and three pathways were decreased under 125 mgkg^(-1). The enzyme activity of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase were similar to relative respiratory pathway.

测定期内，5mgkg^(-1)土、25mgkg^(-1)土浓度处理使基础呼吸速率和三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖途径的呼吸速率均表现初期上升随后（第3天）下降但末期有所恢复的趋势，而糖酵解途径的呼吸速率则持续下降在末期小幅回升；125mgkg^(-1)土浓度处理后基础呼吸速率及3条途径呼吸速率均呈下降趋势；磷酸果糖激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖－6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)活性变化趋势分别与其对应途径呼吸速率变化相似。

The results show that 60Co-γ ray radiation has the most remarkable effect on the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides such as fenitrothion, parathion, methyl-parathion, phorate and chlorpyrifos and the maximum degradation rates are over 85%. The degradation rates of methamidophos, acephate, malathion ,dimethoate are slightly inferior to them and the optimum degradation rates is just only 34.70%. At the same time, the contents of soluble total sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose and total sugars in apple juice decrease unconspicuously, but the total acid content in apple juice and its color value and clarity increase. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the 60Co-γ radiation effect on the actual degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in apple juice and its main chemical and physical indexes, organophosphorous pesticides residue will be decreased to a lower level with radiation dose of about 5 kGy but the main chemical and physical indexes of export apple juice can not be affected.

结果表明： 60Co-γ射线辐照处理对苹果汁中杀螟硫磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、甲拌磷、毒死蜱降解效果最为显著，最高降解率均在85%以上；对苹果汁中甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、马拉硫磷和乐果的降解效果不显著，最高降解率仅为35%；在0～9 kGy辐照剂量范围内降解苹果汁中有机磷农药的同时，会使苹果汁中的可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖及总糖含量轻微降低，苹果汁的总酸度有所增加，苹果汁的色值及透光率提高；综合分析60Co-γ射线辐照对苹果汁中有机磷农药的实际降解效果及对苹果汁主要理化指标的影响，选用5 kGy的辐照剂量已完全使苹果汁中的有机磷农药残留降低到一个很低的水平，又不会对苹果汁出口主要理化指标造成影响。

A total of 101 honey samples that originated from 20 different unifloral honey and other multifloral honey samples were collected from China. FT-NIR spectrometer were applied to determinate the content of fructose and glucose of honey with two different modes: transflectance (800-2500 nm, 2 mm optical path length) and transmittance (800-1370 nm, 20 mm optical path length).

采集了来自全国20种单植物源和其它多植物源的101份的蜂蜜样品，分别运用傅立叶型近红外光谱仪采用光纤透反射（800~2500nm，2mm光程）和透射（800~1370nm，20mm光程）采集方式获得近红外光谱，来预测蜂蜜中结构和含量都很相近的果糖和葡萄糖含量。

Difference Analysis and Optimization Study for Determination of Fructose and Glucose by Near Infrared SpectroscopyTU Zhen-Hua,ZHU Da-Zhou,JI Bao-Ping,MENG Chao-Ying,WANG Lin-Ge,QING Zhao-Shen*(College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)(National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097)(College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)Abstract A total of 101 honey samples that originated from 20 different unifloral honey and other multifloral honey samples were collected from China.

采集了来自全国20种单植物源和其它多植物源的101份的蜂蜜样品，分别运用傅立叶型近红外光谱仪采用光纤透反射（800~2500 nm，2 mm光程）和透射（800~1370 nm，20 mm光程）采集方式获得近红外光谱，来预测蜂蜜中结构和含量都很相近的果糖和葡萄糖含量

Can eat "foods can lower blood pressure", such as celery, have a good blood pressure lowering effect, especially celery root煎服better; water chestnuts, jellyfish head: The 1-22, wash away the salt, making soup drink name "Snow soup," have a good blood pressure lowering effect; spinach containing protein, cellulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose and vitamin B, C, D, K, P, can be used as the treatment of hypertension and diabetes medicinal food; taking royal jelly for three abnormal lipid disorders, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, diabetes and other diseases also have a good effect.

冬季也可以吃些&能降血压的食物&，如芹菜，有良好的降血压作用，尤以芹菜根煎服为佳；荸荠、海蜇头：各一至二两，洗去盐分，煮汤饮，名&雪羹汤&，有良好的降血压作用；菠菜含有蛋白质、纤维素、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和维生素B、C、D、K、P，可作为治疗高血压和糖尿病的药用食物；服用蜂王浆对三脂异常症、血管硬化、心律不齐、糖尿病等疾病也有很好的疗效。

In the studies that analyzed allergy as an outcome, the Galactose oligosaccharide was made from lactose and the Fructose oligosaccharide was made from chicory root , all of which are natural substances.

& &在研究，分析过敏的一个结果是，半乳糖寡糖是由乳糖和果糖低聚糖是由菊苣根，所有这一切都是天然物质。

The results are published in the Food and Chemical Toxicology , and used Beneo-Orafti's Orafti P95 (formerly Raftilose 95) derived from chicory root inulin by enzymatic hydrolysis.

这个结果发表在食品与化学毒理学期刊上，实验是通过一种主要由菊苣根部菊粉部分酶水解产生的低聚果糖 Beneo-Orafti's Orafti P95 （正式叫做果寡糖95）。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。