果皮的

The achene epidermis of 15 species of Carex subgenus Indocarex was observed with SEM.

应用扫描电子显微镜，观察了15种苔草属复序苔草亚属植物果皮的微形态特征。

A fleshy berry-like fruit with a tough rind, as a lemon or orange.

具坚韧果皮的浆果状肉质果实，如柠檬或柑橘。

The essential oil was prepared from the peel by solution extraction, and separated into fractions of hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds through a silicagel column. As the oxygenated fraction had the characteristic aroma of the peel oil, odor quality of the fraction was estimated on the basis of a odor unit value. Twenty five compounds such as geranial, neral, linalool and aliphatic aldehydes were selected as the components contributed to the aroma of the peel oil.

用溶剂萃取法提取白柠檬果皮的精油，并用硅胶柱将精油分成碳氢化合物和含氧化合物两大部分，由于含氧化合物部分具有果皮油的特征香气，利用各成分的香气值对该部分进行了评价，明确了香叶醛、橙花醛、沉香醇以及一些脂肪族醛等25种成分对白柠檬果皮油香气起着重要作用。

With the senescence of pericarp, expression level of LcRALF decreased gradually.

随着果皮的衰老该基因表达量逐渐下降。

According to understanding of teaching and scientific reseach in long period and relevant documents at home and abroad,the division of 30 kinds of fruit forms of Angiospermae is discussed on the basis of origin of pericarp and morphogenesis of mature pericarp.Some incomplete or easily misunderstood conceptional items in certain textbooks are replenished and corrected.

根据多年来在教学和科研工作中的体会，参考了国内外有关文献资料，从解剖构造入手，以果皮的来源和果实成熟时果皮的形态为基础，对被子植物30种果实类型的划分作了探讨，对部分教科书中某些不完整或易被误解的概念作了补充和更正。

There existed very significant negative correlations among the microenvironment air temperature,surface temperature and the content protopectin and Ca in different periods and times,and very significant positive correlations between the humidity and the content of protopectin and Ca.

微域环境温度、果面温度的年变化和日变化同苹果果皮的果胶含量、Ca含量呈极显著的负相关，湿度同苹果果皮的果胶含量、Ca含量呈极显著的正相关。

The highest contents of soluble pectin,protopectin and Ca of pericarp were the shading and spraying treatment,which were 5.420%、12.540%、3.569g/kg,shading treatment,spraying treatment were lower than that of shading and spraying treatment.

果实果皮的水溶性果胶、总果胶含量、Ca含量以遮荫+喷水处理的最高，分别为5.420%、12.540%、3.569g/kg，遮荫、喷水等处理的含量依次降低，以对照的果实果皮的水溶性果胶、总果胶含量、Ca含量最低，分别为为3.983%、8.950%、2.618g/kg。

The results showed:①Anthocyanin content in mature fruits was 132170 U·g-1FW in bud mutation which was very significantly higher than that in'Ralls'(49140 U·g-1FW);②Activities of PAL and UFGT were almost the same between the two materials, but CH I and DFR activitieswere significantly high in bud mutation, which were related to the increase of anthocyanin levels in the mutant;③Bagging treatment inhibited anthocyanin synthesis of bud mutation. But anthocyanin content had significantly increased after removing the bags. Activities of CHI and UFGT increased rap idly and were much higher than those in the control after the bag removal. The increase was consistentwith the imp rovement of anthocyanin levels.

结果显示：①在果实发育期间，芽变果皮的花青苷含量明显高于'国光'，尤其是成熟期芽变果皮花青苷含量为132170 U·g-1FW，而'国光'仅为49140 U·g-1FW；②在果实发育期间，两个品种间PAL 和UFGT的酶活性无明显差异，但芽变的CHI和DFR酶活性明显高于'国光'，表明芽变花青苷合成能力的提高与CHI和DFR酶活性高有关；③套袋抑制芽变果皮花青苷的合成，但解袋后花青苷的含量极显著升高，解袋后4种酶的变化趋势差异较大， CHI和UFGT活性均迅速升高，明显高于对照，这与解袋后花青苷迅速合成相吻合。

Transmitting energy spectra of 500keV―1 MeV He+ ions penetrating 50―90μm thick seed coat of maize,fruit peel of grape and of tomato are measured.

测量了500keV―1MeV的He+离子穿过50―90μm厚度的玉米种皮、葡萄果皮和西红柿果皮的透射能谱。

Then the waveband was divided into two parts to develop calibration model using partial least square method for soluble solids content to remove the effect of the skin and the results indicated that the measurement results was not be enhanced. However, the difference of calibration results in the wavelength of 650-950nm with the r of 0.949, the RMSEC of 0.292 for intact watermelon and with the r of 0.973 and the RMSEC of 0.214 for skin-peeled watermelon indicated that the influence of skin is not very serious and the intact watermelon spectra also can get satisfied calibration result. 5. Vis/NIR spectroscopy nondestructive detection needs high-energy light source, so differences of diffuse transmittance spectra with different light intensity (600W, 1000W) were detected and effects of light intensity on spectra and calibration results were compared.

针对西瓜果皮较厚的特点，对去皮西瓜与带皮西瓜进行对比试验研究，发现果皮对光谱的影响主要集中在可见光部分(650-750nm)，对可溶性固形物含量采用偏最小二乘法进行分段建模并没有有效消除果皮的影响，对比研究去皮西瓜与完整西瓜光谱在650-950nm范围内的建模结果，完整西瓜二阶微分光谱校正模型相关系数r为0.949，RMSEC为0.292，去皮西瓜校正模型相关系数r为0.973，RMSEC为0.214，果皮对建模结果的影响并不严重，完整西瓜的建模结果可以满足检测要求； 5。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。