林学

Department of Forestry, is primarily dedicated to teaching and research including forestry include: Biometry, Ecology, economics and social science, entomology and pathology, plant breeding and genetics, soils and hydrology, silviculture, social forestry and agroforestry, tree physiology, urban forestry, and wood science.

林业系主要致力于林学的教学与科研，学科领域包括生物统计学、生态学、经济学和社会科学、昆虫学和病理学、植物营养和遗传学、土壤和水文学、造林学、社会林学和农业森林学、树生理学、都市林产和木材科学等。

Dendrology provides students knowledge on trees necessary by forest management, silviculture, ecology, natural reserve conservation and wildlife protection, plant resources and their utilizations. So it is important for students studying forestry to learn knowledge about trees in classification, biological and ecological characteristics.

森林资源管理、退耕还林、林业生态工程、森林保护、植物资源及林产品开发利用等都离不开树木学知识，因此，作为林学的学生必须了解树木的分类、树木的生物学、生态学特性等方面知识，以便为这些课程的学习以及将来的工作提供基础。

School of forest resources is primarily dedicated to teaching and research forestry resources including agricultural economics, general botany, general zoology, ichthyology, herpetology, genetics, mammalian anatomy, general ecology, environmental science, microbiology, invertebrate zoology, vertebrate physiology, forest hydrology, forest ecology, forest resource economics.

该学院主要致力于林学的教学与科研，学科领域包括农业经济学，普通植物学，普通动物学，鱼类学，爬虫学，遗传学，哺乳动物解剖学，普通生态学，环境科学，微生物学，无脊椎动物学，脊椎动物生理学，森林水文学，林业生态学，森林资源经济学等。

It is primarily dedicated to education and research on agriculture including animal science, biochemistry, molecular biology, entomology, plant pathology, forestry, plant science.

它主要致力于农学领域的教育与研究工作，其学科包括动物科学、生物化学、分子生物学、昆虫学、植物病理学、林学和植物科学等。

It is closely related to other successive courses such as Forest Ecology, Silviculture, Forest Management, Natural Reserve Conservation and Wildlife Protection.

树木学是林学专业的一门重要的专业基础课，它与森林生态学、造林学、森林经理学、自然保护学等都有着密切的关系。

In order to identify,tidy up and pigeonhole the specimens conveniently for The Plant Specimen Building of the Southwest Foresty College, be able to manage it with computer ,and can Stat ,look up,modify and update the data at any time.

为了对植物标本馆的标本进行进一步鉴定，整理，归档，并进行计算机与网络化管理，达到统计，查寻，修改和数据更新能随时进行的目的，且为树木学，植物学以及林学相关课程提供教学课件，我选用了SQL Server 2000。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

Many complicated phenomena existing in the fields of system forestry and system forest have been analyzed Especially from the view of modern forestry and non-linear dynamics, the dynamical mechanism that complicated phenomena could be produced has concisely been discussed And further their research methods that should be intercrossed with modern non-linear science are discussed All these should be of importance for constructing and perfecting the subjects of modern forest engineering

特别从现代林业工程系统和非线性动力学的角度，简要分析了复杂现象出现的内在动力学机理，并在研究方法上就如何和现代非线性科学结合，作了一些讨论，对于在系统林学、系统森林学的基础上，建设现代林业工程学具有一定的意义。

We must confess that for many years, we were not able to see the hidden meaning of the poem. Two years ago, we were rather intrigued by the line "茂林斧过尽为薪"(line 14). Literally, it means: Lush forests, swept by the axe, completely transformed into firewood. We thought this was a very clever pun because firstly it means that a person without education is transformed through learning into someone useful, as befitting a university. Secondly, Nantah stood on land that was once covered by a rubber estate which had now been cleared to build the university.

老实说，好几年来，我们都没法十分了解此诗隐藏的背景，大概是两年前吧，我们还正在思考此诗中第14行&茂林斧过尽为薪&一句，如果是直译即&利斧把森林砍了，森林就变成薪木&，我们当初以为这句的暗喻是说，正如大学教育一般能把一个无学的人，教育成有用的社会栋梁，正巧南大校址，本来就是一片茂盛胶园，而现今宏立了一所大学，不正是说得极合适，也不就是&茂林斧过尽为薪&吗？

This course is an attempt to give the students the basic idea and method of forest management in order to prepare the management plan; Place of forest management in forestry; Content of forest management; Guide principles of forest management; Sustained working; Silvicultural system; Forest yield; Increment; Volume increment; Quality increment; Price increment; Total price increment; Forest maturity; Indicating percent; Productive stage; Physical rotation; Technical rotation; Rotation of maximum volume yield; Highest forest rent rotation; Financial rotation; Cutting cycle of selection system; Normal forest; Normal distribution of age classes; Normal arrangement of stands; Normal increment; Normal growing stock; Normal yield; Improvement of actual forest; Reserve forest; Reserve fund; Planning and plan of forest management; Forest regulation; Area allotment; Volume allotting method; Volume frame work; Area-volume combined frame work; Growing stock; Utilization percent method; Difference method; Pure age-class; Growth method; Control method; Forest subdivision; Forest surveying; Forest survey; Certainty of future policy of forest; Selection of species; Decision of silvicultural system; Decision of rotation; Regulation of future yield; Preparation of management plan; Working the plan; Control and revision of management

本课程之目的为使学生了解森林经营之基本观念及方法，以期编订经营计划，课程包括森林经营学在林学上之地位、森林经营学之内容、森林经营之指导原则、保续作业、森林作业法、森林收获、生长、材积生长、形质生长、腾贵生长、总价格生长、林木成熟期、指率、生产期、自然轮伐期、工艺轮伐期、材积收获最多轮伐期、森林纯益最大之轮伐期、财政轮伐期、择伐林之回归期、法正林、法正龄级分配、法正林分排列、法正生长、法正蓄积、法正伐采额、现时林之改良、预备林、预备金、森林经营上之规划及计划、收获预定、面积配分法、材积配分法、材积平分法、折衷平分法、蓄积法、利用率法、较差法、纯粹龄级法、生长量法、稽核法、森林区划、森林测量、森林调查、将来森林经营方针之确定、树种之选定、作业法之决定、轮伐期之判定、将来收获之预定、经营管理计划之编订、计划之执行、经营管理计划之稽核与检订。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。