枕骨大孔

Results the safe angle range for needling yamen (gv 15) were: 16.27±7.68～29.46±7.23 degrees for males and 18.46±4.81—33.61±7.83 degrees for females; the danger angle of upward oblique insertion was negatively correlated with the extension of bowing and raising the head, that is, the larger the angle of backward raising the head, the smaller the range of danger angle of needling into the great occipited foramen.

结果：得出哑门穴安全针刺角度，男性为16.27±7.68～29.46±7.32度，女性18.46±4.81～33.61±7.83度。且向上斜刺的危险角度范围与头颅俯仰程度呈负相关，即头颅后仰角度越大，刺入枕骨大孔的危险角度范围越小。

Posterior cranial cavity heteromorphosis and crowded nervous tissues in debouch of inferior foramen occipital may be the reasons of the kind of cervical vertebra sickness symptoms and the latter group cranial nerve symptoms,so we suggest calling this group of symptom the debouch of inferior foramen occipital crowding syndrome.

后颅腔形态变异和枕骨大孔出口神经组织拥挤可能是类颈椎病症状和部分后组颅神经症状的原因，建议将这组症状称为枕骨大孔出口拥挤综合征。

Results The symptom group had the phenomenons which posterior cranial cavity was small and heteromorphosis,the volume of infratentorial brain tissue was large,cerebellum tonsil shifted down slightly and the debouch of inferior foramen occipital was crowded.

结果 症状组有后颅腔小、形态变异、幕下脑组织体积大、小脑扁桃体轻度下移和枕骨大孔出口拥挤现象。

objective to explore the operative methods for meningiomas in the foramen magnum.

目的 探讨枕骨大孔区脑膜瘤的手术治疗方法。

Thirty patients who had CM-I associated with syringomyelia and who underwent FMD participated in the study.

30名CM－1型伴脊髓空洞型以及行枕骨大孔减压术的患者参与了研究。

Supraperiosteal dissection was performed extending from the glabella anteriorly to the posterior lip of the foramen magnum posteriorly. craniotomies were performed to separate the bifrontal and biparietal-occipital frangments.

患儿采取改良的俯卧位，通过头皮冠状切口显露从眉间至枕骨大孔后唇的整个颅盖，切开颅骨分离双侧额骨和双侧顶-枕部骨块。

［Objective］ To analyze the outcome of internal fixation for occipitalization with atlantoaxial joint dislocation by posterior decompression and occipitocervical fusion ［Method］ From December 2005 to June 2007,8 patients with occipitalization and atlantoaxial joint dislocation received removal of the posterior arcus of atlas and the enlargement of the posterior edge of the foramen magnum after skull traction performing for an average of 135 daysAll patients were operated on by posterior craniocervical fusion using cervifix internal fixation system and autologous ilium graftsThe clinical efficacy after operation was analyzed by Japanese Orthopaedic Associationneural function score ［Result］ All the patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years, average of 15 monthsNo complication was foundAtlantodental interval was 5~9 mm before and 4~6 mm after skull tractionAtlantoaxial joint dislocation didn't completely reducedThe neurological defects were improved to some extents according to the JOA scoreImageology showed all patients had full decompression and bony fusionThe loosening or broken internal fixation was not found ［Conclusion］ Posterior decompression and fusion is a feasible method for the treatment of occipitalization with atlantoaxial joint dislocation,and the clinical effect is satisfactory

分析后路减压枕颈融合内固定术治疗合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化临床疗效。［方法］2005年12月至2007年6月间，对8例合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化患者在行颅骨牵引治疗一段时间（12~16 d，平均135 d）后采用枕骨大孔后缘扩大，寰椎后弓切除减压取自体髂骨枕颈融合Cervifix系统内固定术，手术后采用日本骨科学会神经功能评分分析临床疗效。［结果］8例患者随访6个月~2年，平均为15个月。8例患者无一例出现术后并发症，术前寰齿前间隙为5~9 mm，经颅骨牵引后为5~7 mm，寰枢关节脱位未能完全复位。手术前后JOA评分示神经症状均有不同程度恢复，影像学检查示枕颈区减压充分植骨区获得骨性融合，无一例出现内固定松动或断裂。［结论］合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化患者术前仔细评估影像学改变，采用颅骨牵引一段时间后行后路减压枕颈融合内固定术的治疗方案是合理可行的，且临床效果满意。

The clinical manifestations of cerebellar tonsillar hernia.

枕骨大孔疝的临床表现。

The main points of differential diagnosis between temporal lobe hernia and cerebellar tonsillar hernia.

小脑幕切迹疝和枕骨大孔疝的鉴别诊断要点。

Methods: NG108-15 cells were cultured in vitro at 37℃in a humidified atmospherecontaining 5％CO_2. Aβ_(25～35) fragment was dissolved with deionized distilledwater and aged for 4 days at 37℃. The cells were exposured to 5μmol/LAβ_(25～35) for 24h to establish the cell model. Twelve rabbits were divided intotwo groups at random, and garaged with MWD or physiological saline controlrespectively for 7 days to collect two kinds of cerebrospinal fluid, theyare CSF from rabbits treated with MWD and CSF from rabbits treated withphysiological saline.

NG108-15细胞在37℃、体积分数为5％的CO_2培养箱中培养，Aβ_(25～35)溶解于双蒸水中，置于37℃培养箱中老化4d，使其寡聚，毒性增强，细胞被置于浓度为5μmol／L的Aβ_(25～35)中作用24h，建立起AD细胞模型。12只清洁级大耳白家兔购于华中科技大学同济医学院动物中心，将其随机分成两组，分别给与等量的加味温胆汤和生理盐水灌胃7d，末次给药后1h内用水合氯醛将给药组白兔麻醉，1.2ml／kg，无菌条件下用7号注射针头从枕骨大孔处垂直进针，抽取清亮含药脑脊液。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。