枕侧

Kupferschmidt and colleagues[1] described two patients with acute intermittent porphyria who presented with cortical blindness.

Kupferschmidt等人报道了2例表现为皮质盲的急性间歇性卟啉病患者，并于MRI上发现双侧枕叶病灶

Objective General evaluation of the degree of exposure and damage to the cerebellopontine angle region by the postlabyrithine approach and suboccipital retrosigmoid approach, being familiar with anatomic structure of this region and providing theory reference for the choice of the clinical operative approach.

方法在显微镜下对5例(10侧)国人成人头颅灌注湿性标本进行模拟经迷路后入路和经枕下乙状窦后入路的手术操作，观察区域解剖结构、按Ammirat标准进行评价两种入路对桥小脑角区的显露程度，测量并用Horgan法计算出显露面积，并按损伤程度的评分评价两入路对桥小脑角区的损伤程度。

Methods Suboccipital approach was applied and the diameter of Labbe veins was microanatomy measured in 10 adult cadaver heads after vascular perfusion. Results The main types of Labbe vein were single, doubles, candlestick and venous sinus or multiples.

对10具（20侧）经福尔马林溶液固定的不同性别的成人头颅湿性标本进行血管灌注染色，然后行颞下－乙状窦后－枕下联合开颅，对Labbe静脉进行显微解剖测量。

Disk pulvinate. Gynoecium (2 or)3-5-carpelled; ovaries connate in ± their basal half, otherwise contiguous; ovules few or several per locule; style lateral, of (2 or)3-5 contiguous or connate stylar elements; stigma punctiform or capitellate.

花盘枕状；雌蕊群(2或)3-5心皮；在多少里合生的子房他们的基生一半，不这样邻接；每子房室胚珠少数或数个；花柱侧生，具（2或）3-5邻接或合生的花柱单体；柱头点状或小头状。

Animal model with reliable symptomatic post-SAH CVS could be experimentally induced by injecting blood two times via cisternal after occlusion of bilateral carotid.

结论双侧颈动脉结扎后枕大池二次注血可制成可靠的兔症状性SAH后CVS的动物模型。

Methods The model of SAH was set up by injecting blood two times via cisternal after occlusion of bilateral carotid in rabbit. The food-intake and behavior of experimental animals were under observation at various stages of experiment. The content of ET in blood and CSF was tested by radioimmunoassay, and the NOx- by HNO3 redutase method. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by hydrogen clearance method.

方法采用双侧颈动脉结扎和枕大池二次注血制成兔SAH模型，观察SAH前后动物进食量和神经功能改变，用放射免疫方法和硝酸还原酶法分别测定血液和脑脊液中ET和NOx-含量，以氢清除法测定局部脑血流量。

The bone resection was divided into four steps via FLA:① drilling of the jugular tuberculum;② partial mastoidectomy;③ removal of the occipital condyle;④resection of the lateral mass of C1 with mobilization of the vertebral artery. After each step of the bone resection was completed, the exposed area of the central clival depression and the area of exposure 15 cm above the central point were calculated.

利用CT和立体定向仪对20例甲醛溶液固定的头颅标本标记斜坡中央凹陷区中心点，采用FLA入路，骨切除分四步进行：磨除颈静脉结节，部分乳突切除，枕髁全切，C1侧块切除；分别于每一步骨切除及血管神经牵拉完成后测量斜坡中央凹陷区的显露范围和位于中心点上方15 cm处术者的操作范围。

Methods Central point at the central clival depression was marked with the help of CT and stereotactic apparatus in 20 formalin-fixed cadaveric heads. The bone resection was divided into four steps via FLA:① drilling of the jugular tuberculum;② partial mastoidectomy;③ removal of the occipital condyle;④resection of the lateral mass of C1 with mobilization of the vertebral artery. After each step of the bone resection was completed, the exposed area of the central clival depression and the area of exposure 15 cm above the central point were calculated.

利用CT和立体定向仪对20例甲醛溶液固定的头颅标本标记斜坡中央凹陷区中心点，采用FLA入路，骨切除分四步进行：磨除颈静脉结节，部分乳突切除，枕髁全切，C1侧块切除；分别于每一步骨切除及血管神经牵拉完成后测量斜坡中央凹陷区的显露范围和位于中心点上方15 cm处术者的操作范围。

According to the location and the size of the tumors,transmid frontal gyral,transparieto-occipital or superior parietal lobule and transcallosal approaches were adopted.

根据肿瘤的部位和大小分别采用经额中回入路、经顶枕叶或顶上小叶入路、经胼胝体入路，对儿童侧脑室肿瘤进行显微外科手术治疗。

At the neural level, Experiment 1 revealed a set of brain regions, including bilateral superior and inferior frontal eye fields, intraparietal sulci, supplementary eye field, regions in the junction between transverse occipital sulci and intraparietal sulci, and anterior insular were activated more when the display was heterogeneous than homogeneous.

在神经活动上，相对于干扰项同质条件，双侧上部和下部额叶眼区、辅助运动眼区、顶间沟、顶枕联合、以及前脑岛区域在干扰项不同质时显著激活；干扰项同质性与目标存在性的交互作用在大脑中表现出两组激活模式不同的脑区。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。