构造规则

In this paper,based on the fully consideration of the physical characteristics of wind and snow,a three-dimensional wind field is constructed by discretizing the classic Boltzmann equation.

在充分考虑风雪具体物理特性的基础上，通过对经典Boltzmann 方程进行离散来构造三维风场，并根据风雪的交互作用规律，建立起雪的飘动、沉积、侵蚀等变化规则，进一步采用一系列简化和加速绘制的方法，具有真实感地实时绘制出不同风速下不同降雪量的风雪场景。

Based on the chain rule techniques, AD seeks first or higher order derivatives of functions represented by a group of dependent program procedures and extended files, the so-called original model, through a number of code-to-code transformings under a series of differential rules.

基于链式求导法则的自动微分方法通过改写原程序模式代码，依赖机器自动构造不同的微分模式，来分析求解函数的一阶或高阶导数，即在一系列预定微分规则下对不同程序对象做从代码到代码的自动微分转换。

I'm as regular as clockwork.

我就像是一个时钟的构造一样有规则。

It also constructs a lattice graph of frequent closed itemsets and generates association rules base on lattice graph.

GRG构造频繁项集的格关系图并在它的关系上生成关联规则。

The approach is efficient when the database is dynamically updated, the frequency value of each itemset is recorded; so the corresponding support and confidence value can be obtained without constructing the complete lattice, which generates the association rules.

该方法适应于数据库的动态数据递增或递减更新，通过记录项目集在数据库中出现的频率值，不需要构造完整的格即可求得项目集的支持度值和可信度值，以获取大项目集，进而求得关联规则。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

Secondly, the knowledge induced from experience, sample knowledge, model quantified knowledge are integrated organically in the field of ship design. The compound knowledge model is raised. A standardized modal system of compound knowledge in intelligent 3D-layout design of ship compartments is set up, by using object-oriented classify-decomposed relation and mixed knowledge expression of frames, regulars and methods. The intelligent support system of intelligent 3D optimal layout design of ship compartments is established based on compound knowledge base and inference engine.

其次，将船舶布置设计领域中经验归纳性知识、实例样本知识、模型数量化知识三者有机集成，提出了复合知识模型；结合舱室智能三维布置设计采用面向对象的知识分类分解关系及用框架、规则、方法的混合知识表达形式建立了一套复合知识规范化的形式描述体系，介绍了相应的推理机构造方法，提出了基于神经网络的舱室布置设计实例检索模型，并首次将其用于舱室布置设计实例的检索。

In this paper, we are discussing the concept of intuitionism, and their logic ,and their constructive mathematics.

本文主要讨论直觉主义派的数学观、无穷观、逻辑规则和构造性数学，同时还概述了人们对直觉主义派的一般评论。

It is observed that DG has the properties of locality, convex combination, geometric continuity and interpolation.

作为补充，构造了一个具有典型意义的规则DG，并证明了DG的局部性、〓包性、光滑性和价值性质。

In this paper, granularity in rough set theory is used to describe rules based on the concept of rough degree. A tool for knowledge dependent relation diagram is put forward. Then dimensional knowledge granularity decision space and the same construction mapping decision space based on multi-decision sorts is established, and decision algorithm based on KDRD and decision space is introduced. Finally, through combining with the technique of fault diagnosis, it is proved that the approach is very appropriate to the intelligent decision system.

本文利用粗糙集理论中的粗度概念，在对获取规则进行扩展性的粒度描述的基础上，提出了一种工具―知识依赖关系图，构造了n维知识粒度决策空间以及基于多决策类的同构映射决策空间，建立了基于KDRD和决策空间的决策算法，并结合机械故障诊断说明了本方法非常适于故障诊断等通过结论获取原因的智能决策系统。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。