构造学

Geologists may specialize in the following fields: coal geology, environmental geology, geochronology, geomorphology or surficial geology, geotechnics, hydrogeology, marine geology, mineral deposits or mining, mineralogy, paleontology, petroleum geology, petrology, sedimentology, stratigraphy or biostratigraphy, structural geology or tectonics, volcanology or in other fields.

地质学家可能会专注于以下领域：煤炭地质，环境地质，地质年代学，地貌或地表地质，岩土工程，水文，海洋地质，矿藏或采矿，矿物学，古生物学，石油地质学，岩石学，沉积学，地层学或生物地层，结构地质或构造，火山或其他领域。

To the question of unclear base structure framework, the disputed geological horizon and the region deposition system, and under cognition of the distribution of flysch, hydrocarbon reservoir-forming mode of the central uplift belt and south ramp region in the sag, this thesis expatiates the Peleogene structure and the deposition evolution characteristics of the Hhuiming sag, based on the theory of structural geology, sedimentology, petroleum geology, synthetically using the data of geology, geophysics and test analysis, and analyses hydrocarbon reservoir formation mode and its control factor, connect with the petroleum geology achievement. It gives a scientific reference to enhance the exploration effective in the research area.

针对研究区基地构造格局认识不清，地质层位、区域沉积体系认识存在争议，洼陷浊积岩分布情况、中央隆起带及南部斜坡带成藏机理有待深化认识等问题，论文以构造地质学、沉积学、石油地质学等理论为指导，综合利用地质、地球物理和测试分析等资料，开展惠民凹陷古近纪构造与沉积演化特征研究，结合石油地质成果分析油气成藏模式及控制因素，为有效提高研究区勘探成效提供科学依据。

The first method is not related to petrogenesis, but welcomed by its benefit in field work and basic petrology research; the second method reflects magma sources and tectonic environment, which has always been considered to be very important since proposed, especially a steady flow of A-type granite result in recent years; the third method, often used by researchers, consists of information about mineralogy, petology and magma source; the last method is characterized for its simple and uniform classification criterion, as well as strong operability.

矿物学－岩石学分类不涉及成因信息，比较适用于野外工作以及最基本的岩石学研究；ISMA分类的标准反映的是岩浆源区和构造环境，自提出后备受重视，尤其是A型花岗岩的研究成果近来大量涌现；Barbarin的综合性分类包含了矿物学、岩石学和岩浆源区的信息，也受到一定的推崇；Frost的地球化学分类标准统一，具有很强的操作性。

The Altai Paleozoic orogenic belt of Xinjiang Autonomous Rejoin is geologically wellknown both domestic and abroad by the intensive development of low-pressure metamorphism and granitic magmatism. Within pelitic metamorphic rocks, even though sillimanite is well developed and the low-pressure minerals like andalusite and cordeirite etc. are quite common, the assemblage of garnet and staurolite is more important.

中文题名阿尔泰海西造山带中－低压递增变质作用特征及其地球动力学副题名外文题名 Features and geodynamics of the low-to mid-pressure progressive metamorphism in the Altai hercynian orogenic belt 论文作者郑常青导师卢良兆徐学纯教授学科专业矿物学、岩石学、矿床学研究领域\研究方向变质地质学学位级别博士学位授予单位吉林大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数132页关键词阿尔泰造山带造山带构造地质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /P542 /1 新疆阿尔泰古生代造山带以低压变质及花岗质岩浆作用广泛发育闻名国内外，泥质变质岩系中矽线石较发育，红柱石和堇青石等低压特征矿物相当常见，但是，石榴石—十字石的组合更普遍。

This thesis studies the volcanic tectono-petrofacies, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopic chronology, stratum and high-precision SHRIMP zircon U-Pb datings of the Mt.Yandangshan volcano-intrusive complex, and concludes that: Yandangshan volcanic rock units belong to high-K calc-alkaline acid rock associations, mainly ryholitic and trachytic dacitic in composition. They have A/CNK values of 0.9-1.2 (i.e., aluminium saturation and supersaturation), enriched LREE and LILEs and depleted HFSE. Their 8Eu values are 0.11-0.32, indicating a evident fractional evolution of plagioclase crystallization. Their ∑REE varied very limitedly,(87~Sr/(86)Sri ratios and eNd values are 0.7086～0.7095 and -10.20～-9.96 for volcanic rocks, and 0.7087~0.7095 and -7.6～6.92 for the central intrusive facies syenite, which means that all the igneous rocks from Mt. Yandangshan are evolutional products of magmas with the same source, and that they derived mainly from crust, but mixed with mantle components.

本文从火山构造岩相学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、同位素年代学、地层学等方面出发，同时结合高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年，对雁荡山火山岩进行了系统的研究，确定雁荡山火山岩为一套以流纹质和粗面英安质为主体的高钾钙碱性酸性岩石组合，A/CNK值集中在0.9～1.2之间，为铝饱和或铝过饱和类型；富轻稀土元素和大阳离子亲石元素、相对亏损高场强元素：负铕异常明显，δEu值为0.11～0.32，表明岩浆经历了以斜长石为主的强烈结晶分异作用：岩石样品的∑REE变化有限，火山岩样品的~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7086～0.7095，εNd为-10.20～-9.96，中央侵入体石英正长岩~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7087～0.7095，εNd为-7.6～-6.92，表明它们是同源岩浆分异演化的产物，物质来源主要为陆壳，但有地幔物质参与。

Against the particularity of problem of gas bursting of Ⅱ(sub script 1) coal seam in Ludian gliding structure in west Henan, through a large amount of work of field surveys and interior research, and viewed from the basic theories of structural petrology, discussed some characteristics of mining gas hazard such as image, mechanism and tectonic control process.

摘要针对豫西芦店滑动构造区二(下标1)煤层瓦斯突出问题的特殊性，通过大量野外地质调查和室内研究工作，从构造岩石学基本理论着手，讨论了构造区矿井瓦斯地质灾害的表象、机理和构造控制作用。

In order to provide an overall understanding on the basic theory and previous researches of wood chemical rheology, the author discusses some respects on the basis of the common knowledge of deformation and flow, which served as the foundation of wood chemical rheology. These respects include the results by Stein and Tobolsky, such as the correlation between the change of polymolecular structure and stress relaxation, the classification of physical rheology and chemical rheology, the difference between the research on wood chemical rheology and other methods, as well as a kind of non\|continuous method to measure stress relaxation proposed by Tobolsky \%et al.

为了使国内木材科学界对木材的化学流变学的基础理论及其研究概况有一个比较全面的了解，作者在归纳了作为建立木材的化学流变学基础的、关于变形和流动一般理论的基础上，就Stein 和Tobolsky基于高分子构造变化与应力松弛之间的对应关系，关于物理流变学和化学流变学的分类，化学流变学研究与其他方法的不同之处，Tobolsky等关于不连续应力松弛测定方法等内容做了比较详细系统的介绍。

The comparison of petrology, lithofacies, petro-geochemistry and tectonic environment of the rapakivi granite both from Qinling-Kunlun and world shows that the rapakivi granite has same or consistent characteristics: rapakivi structure, sub-aluminous, high-potassic, alkali-rich magma, two-peak magma assemblage and formed in post-collision environment. However, there are some certain differences in some geochemical index, forming age of magma, and geotectonic position of outcropping.

通过秦岭－昆仑造山带中的环斑花岗岩同世界元古宙环斑花岗岩的岩石学、岩相学、岩石地球化学和构造环境等方面的对比研究发现，二者具有相同或一致的特征：具环斑结构，属准铝、高钾、富碱岩浆，具双峰式岩浆组合，形成于后碰撞环境，但其地球化学的某些指标、岩浆形成时代和出露的大地构造位置等有一定差异。

The orogenic strata have following characteristics: During the subduction and intracontinental orogeny, the strata experienced dramatic tectonic migration and mixing, resulting in various tectonic features. A short sequence usually composed of tectonic slices of various origins, times, deformations and metamorphisms, and scales. The original sequence was badly destroyed. The extant fragments of orogenic belt usually took form as melanges, especially the accretion complex wedge generated in subduction zone, which is contrary to the Law of Superposition. The original location of the accretion is also contradicted with the Law of Original Horizonality, because the accretion is oblique with high degree. Marine rocks, volcanic rocks of continental margin and metamorphic rocks were well-developed in the orogenic belt, especially ultra-basic, basic rocks were wide spread and were intensely metamorphosed, accompanied by metamorphic slices returned from hundred kilometers underground with ultra-high pressure and magma movements during syn-orogeny and post-orogeny, thus formed the colorful landscapes.

造山带非史密斯地层构成具如下独特性和复杂性：造山带在俯冲碰撞和陆内造山阶段，发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂，构造形迹多样化，垂直不长的地层体往往是众多不同来源、不同时代，不同变形变质程度，不同大小的各种构造岩片拼贴体，地层原始层序被严重肢解、破坏；尤以产于俯冲带的俯冲增生杂岩楔的原始形成方式与史密斯地层学的&层序叠覆律&老下新上的顺序正好相反，其混杂岩增生方式是老的&片体&在上，新的&片体&阶段性拼贴在老的&增生片体&的斜下方，这种增生片体的原始位置亦与&原始水平律&相悖，即增生片体一般保持较高角度倾斜；在岩石类型和变质程度上，造山带海相和古陆缘火山岩以及变质岩普遍发育，尤其是超基性、基性岩系分布广泛，变质作用较强，伴有从百余公里以下深部超高压变质岩片的折返和同造山期与造山后期岩浆活动，构成极为复杂的地质景观。

Taking Jiyang Depression as the study object, many kinds of disciplines were applied synthetically in this thesis, such as, stratigraphy, structural geology, sedimentology, historical geology, geophysics, etc. On the basis of the reconstruction of the denuded thickness and the original thickness, and the study of the developing characteristics of the basin-controlled faults, combined with the study of space-time distribution of the sedimentary facies and the analysis of basin - transfer mechanism and the geodynamics, the prototype basins of each structural stage in Mesozoic were studied and analyzed in detail, moreover, the superimposed relationship of the Mesozoic basin and Cenozoic basin was discussed.

本论文选择济阳坳陷作为研究对象，开展地层学、构造地质学、沉积学、地史学以及地球物理学等多学科综合研究，以地层剥蚀厚度、原始厚度的恢复以及控盆断层发育演化特征的研究为切入点，辅以沉积相的时空展布研究，并结合盆地转型机制、地球动力学背景分析，对济阳坳陷中生代各构造期的盆地原型进行详细解剖和分析，探讨其与新生代盆地的叠合关系。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。