构造上的

The detail procedure is that induct the control parameter δ and η to get specific 3D scattered points sub sets under in some conditions,then evaluate each scattered points sub set to extract the control points,and build up the boundary which is formed by the control point.

具体的过程，是通过引入控制参数δ和η，将满足相应条件的3D散乱点划分到相应的子集合中，然后对各个散乱点子集合进行判断，提取其各个子集上的控制点，构造各个子集的控制点构成的边界。

Rare elements and REE are mainly enriched in gray-black trachyte and less in other rocks. In addition, schistosity, pyritization, silicification and carbonation in gray-black trachyte are contributed to enrich rare element and REE. It is suggested that alkaline rocks in Hongyang area have the characteristics of subvocanics, and alkaline rocks in Hongyang and Miaoya areas all came from upper mantle and mixed with some substances of crust. Intrusion of alkaline rocks is related to the occurrence, development and evolvement of the deep rupture zone in the areas.

稀土、稀有元素主要富集于灰黑色粗面岩中，而在其他岩石类型中相对较少，同时岩石的片理化、黄铁矿化、硅化和碳酸盐化对稀土、稀有元素有进一步的富集作用；提出了本区的碱性岩组合具有次火山岩相的特征，讨论了本区碱性岩的成因，认为其与湖北庙垭地区的碱性岩可能均来自上地幔，并不同程度地混染了大陆壳的物质成分，其形成时代与断裂构造带的发生、发展和演化基本同步。

Some people introduce subphotosphere magnetic charges or dipole, which can fit magnetic field on the photosphere, then the separatrix and separator above and on the photosphere can be located, the comparison between their location and location of flare ribbon support the idea of magnetic reconnection. It is called Source Method. Some people extrapolate magnetic fields of photosphere to corona by some method, then use QSLs method to investigate the relations between flare ribbons and magnetic field topology. Some people study relations between flare ribbons and singular point on the plane above photosphere. Some people investigate magnetic topology by analyzing magnetic field of photosphere directly.

或者以观测的光球磁场为基础，来构造光球下的磁荷或磁偶极等光球下磁源，进而研究光球上的磁拓扑结构与耀斑的关系；或者利用各种外推方法将光球磁场进行外推，然后用准分隔层的方法来研究磁拓扑结构与耀斑的关系；或者利用势场模型外推光球磁场，然后研究光球之上平行于光球的某一平面的两维奇点与耀斑的关系；或者直接利用观测的光球矢量场来研究磁场拓扑。

This chapterdescribes the boundary of res judicata's time scope,points out the meaning and the basis of resjudicata criterion.This chapter Spreads out from precedent and doctrines When introducing resjudicata criteria in Germany and Japan,Concerning on the relation between suspensive effectand time order,their judgement of application,duty of raising,and describes the structure of dutyof raising.

论述既判力的时间范围的界线性，说明既判力标准时的意义，及既判力标准时的规定依据，并介绍德国、日本有关既判力标准进在判例、学说上的展开，暨论述遮断效与时间先后关系的判断作业及提出责任，最后论述提出责任的构造。

Through propagate the key information of each opratores, the mechanism of data lineage can trace the data cleaning program, which construct over the traceable oprators so that we can analysis and explain the cleaning result. According to the analysis and research of the incremental mode and conflict of data modification, we can correct and improve the exceptions which appear during the data modification.

接下来的数据沿袭机制通过传递各个操作的标识值，实现了对构造于可追溯操作基础上的数据清理程序的追踪，从而提供了对数据清理程序执行过程及结果的分析和解释功能；同时利用交互式数据修改功能以及时纠正和改进数据清理过程中所出现的异常，并对数据修改过程中所涉及到的增量执行模式及操作冲突进行了充分地分析与研究。

The method will eventually converge to a near optimal solution and is relatively unaffected by the outliers.Ⅲ. Trilinear geometry estimation based on messy genetic algorithm: similar to the method of epipolar geometry estimation. Experiments show that it is more robust and precise than other typical methods, but takes more time to get the final result.Ⅳ.

ii基于混合遗传算法的对极几何估计：以最小的数据子集来构造染色体，利用染色体在某一位置上的基因冗余来提高遗传算法的选择能力，尽管这样会增加运算的复杂度，但却更有可能寻找到全局最优解，并且运算精度略高于中的算法。

Results show that the Spiti shale in Zanskar terminated 15Ma later than that in southern Tibet, while the lowermost Cretaceous quartz sandstone in Zanskar appeared 18Ma later than that in southern Tibet. The age of volcanic sandstone in southern Tibet is very poorly time constraint and their deposition occurred somewhere within Berriasian～early Albian. In Thakkhola, the Chukh Group volcanic sandstone are of late Hauterivian-early Albian age (duration about 20Ma), while in Zanskar, the volcanic sandstones facies only appeared in Albian (duration of less than 10Ma). Therefore, it can be concluded that the onsets of both quartz sandstone and volcanic sandstone occurred earlier in eastern Tethys Himalayas than in western Tethys Himalayas .

侏罗纪末～白垩纪初印度大陆的北缘同时期存在大陆向上挠曲，导致陆源碎屑输入量的快速增加，石英砂岩广泛存在；早白垩世火山岩屑砂岩对应着的印度大陆北缘地层侵蚀加深，使得较深部的深成火山岩暴露并遭受侵蚀；石英砂岩和早白垩世岩屑砂岩所代表的印度大陆剥露时间在空间上的&东早西晚&，说明构造运动首先是从特提斯喜马拉雅的东部开始（大印度与澳大利亚的彻底分离），然后逐渐波及西部的，东西时间差为15～20Ma；由于地壳均衡作用，大陆分离后原先地壳挠曲转变为地壳下沉，发生强烈的构造沉降，故Albian之后沉积一套深水环境下的海绿石、磷酸盐和黑色页岩沉积。

In accordance of dynamical analysis to asymmetric basin forming, it is restricted doubly by crust multi-layer rheological structure and regional geotectology background in the Lower Yangtze regional crust, especially in close relationship with action of C-layer (18-20km) in the Lower Yangtze region crust. After quantitative analysis of mutual relation between the basin geometrical feature and the crustal structure, a new way will be supplied to the research of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basin evolution and the oil -gas exploration in the Lower Yangtze region.

在此基础上，对非对称盆地形成的动力学分析认为，它受下扬子地区地壳多层次流变结构及区域大地构造背景的双重制约，尤其与下扬子地区地壳C层(18-20Km)的活动密切有关，定量分析了盆地的几何学特征与地壳结构之间的相互关系，为下扬子地区中新生代沉积盆地演化的研究及其油气勘探提供了新的研究途径。

In the frame of constructing hydrodynamical model, some basic assumptions and equations were described in detail. Besides, there are three distinguish improvements above the former work: a new formula of chromosphere radiative loss was deduced out, which can roughly reproduce the results calculated by detailed non-LTE theory; a new physical process, i.e.

在构造耀斑动力学模型理论框架中，我们详细交待了基本假设和基本方程组，以及方程中各项的选取情况；针对现有耀斑动力学模型色球研究的不足，文中导得了新的色球辐射损失经验公式，它基本能够再生现有详细非局部热动平衡计算结果，较以前的处理方法有很大程度上的改善；引入了以前在耀斑环研究中从未被考虑过的日冕软x辐射加热色球的能量过程，推得了日冕软x辐射色球沉积的自恰公式。

Fleshy flattened twigs scarcely or sparsely branched;2.Leaf loosely spirally arranged,decurrent,partly covered or incompletely tocompletely encircling the stem,with numerous longitudinal striations on their abaxialsurface;3.Leaf thick in substance,hypostomatic;4.Stomata arranged in longitudinal...

本文对这些化石的形态特征和表皮构造进行了详细的研究，研究结果说明它们彼此有着系统演化上的联系，应属于同一个自然类群，并提出它们的分类位置应属于伏脂杉科的希默杉亚科的新意见。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。