构造上的

A differential difference type adaptive law and an adaptive iterative learning controller are constructed to ensure the asymptotic convergence of tracking errors in the sense of square error norm on the finite interval, by introducing a Lyapunov-like function, a sufficient condition of the convergence of the method is given.

通过引入微分－差分自适应学习律，设计了一种自适应控制策略，使得跟踪误差在一个有限区间上的积分渐近收敛于零；通过构造Lyapunov-like函数，给出了闭环系统收敛的一个充分条件。

According to the recent understandings of the tectonic setting of Xiao Qinling area,it is put forward that the geological model of volcanic thermal dome gold being formed in the metamorphic complex cone under A-type subduction after studying of geology and minerals in this area.

根据对小秦岭地区大地构造位置的最新认识，在对一系列野外地质矿产信息综合研究的基础上，提出"板内 A型俯冲机制下变质核杂岩内岩浆热穹窿金成矿地质模型"。

The methods of development for cones and tangent surface on C-Bézier curve and the complex surfaces are obtained.

首先，构造了C-B？zier曲线上的锥面和切线曲面，分别建立了它们到平面的等距映射，给出了C-B？

Here, we will give an independent proof of the existence for inequality (2.1.3), and by the way, give an estimate on the width of the bi-enclosing annulus of closed convex curves in the plane. Secondly, in this part, we will introduce the notation of average geodesic curvature for curves in the hyperbolic plane, and investigate the relationship between the embeddedness of the curve and its average geodesic curvature.

其次，对双曲平面上的曲线引入平均测地曲率的概念，并讨论双曲平面上凸曲线的嵌入性与它的平均测地曲率之间的关系，其目的是为了将双曲平(来源：ABC论84文网www.abclunwen.com)面上曲线的性质与欧氏平面中曲线的性质作一些对比；最后，我们利用Minkowski支撑函数构造了一类新的非圆的光滑常宽曲线，其目的是想回答有关常宽曲线的一些未解决问题如是否存在非圆的多项式常宽曲线？

In this dissertation, we construct the Bariev model with nine kinds of boundary fields by the matrices K_± defining the boundaries. And then the Lax operator is given in the form ofmatrix, as well as the basic quantities, e.g., the R -matrix, the monodromy matrices and the transfer matrices are defined. By using the expression of the local Lax operator of the model,the action of the monodromy matrices T, T~(-1), U_ on the pseudo-vacuum state is given outin detail. Furthermore, the main fundamental commutation relations are obtained through the reflection equations, the recursive n-particle state as well as the one-particle exact solution is given and the Bethe ansatz equations are found accordingly. Finally, we list the nesting boundary K matrices, which play a crucial role for obtaining the n-particle solution and finding the Bethe ansatz equations, the eigenvalues of the transfer matrices and the energy spectrum of the system by means of the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz method.

在这篇文章中，我们利用边界K_±矩阵构造出了具有九种边界场的Bariev模型，同时给出了该模型L算子的具体矩阵表示形式，并定义了R矩阵，monodromy矩阵以及转移矩阵；接着利用L算子的矩阵形式，给出了其对应monodromy矩阵T、逆矩阵T~(-1)作用到真空态上的值，并利用Yang-Baxter关系及反射方程得到了双行monodromy矩阵U作用到真空态上的值；然后利用反射方程通过复杂的计算得到了一系列重要的基本对易关系式，并给出了模型的递推的多粒子波函数、单粒子解及Bethe ansat方程；最后给出了模型的嵌套的边界K矩阵的具体形式，从而为运用嵌套Bethe ansatz方法求解该模型的多粒子解、Bethe ansatz方程以及系统的能谱打下了很好的基础。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

The psammoma body mineralization in meningioma is a common type of mineralizationThe analysis of the mineral composition may provide some support information in finding the reason of happening and developing of the diseaseThis paper focuses on the concentric layered structure mineralization in meningiomas, using mineralogical methods, such as HRSEM, ESEM, EDAX, EPMA, HRTEM, XRD and FTIR to systematically investigate the mineral composition, structure and shape of the minerals in psammoma bodies in meningiomasWe have devised a method for preparing the silicon wafer sheet which was used for the ESEM insitu observations and analysisIn this study, we first got the ESEM and HRTEM images of the initial mineralization phase of meningiomasThese images showed that in the early stage of psammoma body mineralization in meningiomas, many mineralized balls composed of octocaphosphate were precipitated on the collagen fibersThese balls continued to grow and aggregate, and were gradually hydrolyzed to become the dahlliteThe continued development of mineralization resulted in the mineralized collagen fibersThe study revealed that the concentric layered structure of the psammoma bodies in meningiomas is formed by the spiral arrangement of the mineralized collagen fibers on which the mineralized grains precipitated.

砂粒体矿化是脑膜瘤中常见的矿化类型，对其形成机理和矿物成分的分析可能会对肿瘤发生、发展的研究提供辅助信息。该研究选取人脑膜瘤中的砂粒体矿化作为研究对象，采用偏光显微镜、环境扫描电镜及能谱、X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜和电子探针对样品的形貌、结构和成分进行测试分析，并以此为依据探讨脑膜瘤中砂粒体的形成机理。研究结果表明矿化的初期为沉淀在胶原纤维上的矿化小球，成分为磷酸八钙；矿化小球不断生长聚集，并逐步水解为碳羟磷灰石晶体，矿化的不断发展致使胶原纤维也发生矿化。砂粒体的同心层状构造是由螺旋状排列的矿化胶原纤维及沉淀在其上的矿化颗粒组成的集合体，而不是多数研究中所述：砂粒体是以坏死细胞残骸为中心由内至外的同心层沉淀。

This method is tectonic on foundation of nuclear function theory special and linear space, each issue of rank nucleus of progression of the Volterra that seek solution changeover uses output observation vector to be in to beg Xierbaite the some in the space child the umbriferous problem on the space, make originally complex, hard calculative is nonlinear in the approachs a problem to be built in place compose linear space of Volterra progression of the system solve ably with the means that accumulates inside vector, gave out specific algorithm.

该方法在核函数理论基础上构造非凡线性空间，将求解Volterra级数的各阶核的新问题转换为求用输出观测向量在希尔伯特空间中某一子空间上的投影新问题，使原本复杂、难以计算的非线性系统的Volterra级数的逼近新问题在所构建的线性空间中巧妙地以向量内积的方式解决，并给出了具体算法。

In Chapter 3, we use the sufficient and necessry conditions of minimal point being critical point on closed convex set and construct closed convex sets with some character as more as possible, to discuss the existence of solusion of nonlinear Hammerstein integral equations on different closed convex sets. We get the results of multiple solutions.

在第三章中，我们没有借助于条件，而是利用闭凸集上的极小值点是临界点的充要条件，构造出尽可能多的具有某些特性的闭凸集，在不同的闭凸集上讨论非线性Hammerstein型积分方程的非平凡解的存在性，从而得到多解性的结果。

The proposed robust road main direction detection method consists of initial main direction extraction based on the direction histogram of structure tensor and precise direction detection on vectorized edge image. Experiment results demonstrate its robustness and precise. The proposed Gibbs-sampling-based method models road network with marked point process and can effectively extract road network with initial configuration. However it is slow and still can not deal with single and isolated road segment. These problems can be solved by the real-time method. And experiments verify that the real-time method is fast during extracting road segment.

提出的稳健道路局部主方向提取算法以结构张量为基础，通过方向直方图确定大致主方向，并通过矢量化边缘进一步计算准确的方向角，实验结果表明具有良好的稳健性和准确性；提出的基于Gibbs采样的交互式道路网提取方法采用标记点过程对道路网进行建模，在给出初始构造项的情况下，能有效的提取出指定道路网；提出的实时交互式道路段提取算法弥补了上一方法无法处理单一直线道路段和计算过程慢的不足，是上一方法的有益补充，实验结果表明算法能快速提取道路段。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。