构成主义

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

Curriculum theories such as elementalism , encyclopaedism , polytechnicalism and pragmatism provide a theoretical basis for constructing the school administration teaching material system and lead us to reflect on this problem from two dimensions : 1 what the school administration teaching materials generally describe should represent a complete framework for school administration activities and a typical knowledge scheme 2 the content of school administration teaching materials should not only contains the explicit knowledge of school administration activities but also provide an implicit knowledge to help readers make transformation between the two .

要素主义课程论，百科全书主义课程论，综合技术主义课程论和实用主义课程理论为我们提供了构建学校管理学教材体系的理论基础，引导我们从两个维度来思考构建学校管理学教材体系问题：一是学校管理学教材所描述的整体应该构成学校管理活动的完备的框架和典型的知识脉络，二是学校管理学的教材内容不仅要凝练学校管理活动中的显性知识，还要映射学校管理活动中的隐性知识，帮助读者实现隐性知识和显性知识之间的转换。

Explicative Vision of Cultural" Publicity" and the" Legitimacy" of Study of Marxist Philosophy YUAN Zu-she ( College of Politics and Economics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, Shaanxi)" Legitimacy", which involves a deep reflection, examination and understanding of the nature, subject-matter, function and patterns of development of Marxist philosophy, is one of substantial contents in relation to the profound culture-practice turn of modern philosophy.

"合法性"问题关涉到对马克思主义哲学的性质、主题、功能、特征及其发展形态等的深度反思和新的理解，是构成现代哲学深刻的文化-实践转向的实质性内容之一，是新的历史时期马克思主义哲学创新性研究中的一个带有总体性的关键问题。将"合法性"叙事范式运用到对马克思主义哲学当前处境的分析，意味着必须反思：我们究竟应该以何种新的理论范式，在何种意义上言说马克思主义哲学的"合法性"。

And the strictly annalistic and use of constructivism to the geometric structure, especially the crisscross structure fully fascinated the Japanese designing community.

构成主义设计对于几何结构，特别是纵横结构的严格分析和运用，使日本设计界非常入迷。

Similarly, in mathematics, a thesis can be proven or disproven constructively, or we must declare it unproven.

与此相同的是，在数学领域里，我们可以用构成主义方法证明或者否定论文观点的正确性，否则我们就只能说这篇论文是未经证明的。

By analyzing the form of its spatial composition, this thesis tries to find out the continuous relation between Deconstructive Architecture and tradition architecture, which is covered by involuted and multifarious presentations. The highlighted point of Deconstructive Architecture is the reconstruction of space.

本文试图通对解构主义建筑空间构成的形式美学分析，其纷乱、繁杂的形式表象背后找到其与传统建筑形式美学的承接关系；强调解构主义建筑的关键在于对空间的重构，在传统形式美学框架上发展的动态空间构成原则使空间重构成为可能。

The natural view within the alienated conception of history is the prelude to Marxist environmental philosoph. The development of theories concerning scientific practice view and the harmonious relations between human and nature indicate the generation of Marxist environmental philosophy. Researchers who hold nature values tend to misinterpret Marxist economics.

异化史观下的自然观是马克思主义环境哲学形成的前奏，科学实践观的提出和人与自然和谐思想的创立标志着马克思主义环境哲学的生成，而自然价值论对马克思经济学思想的误读与现代性困境则构成了马克思主义环境哲学发展的曲折和现代境遇。

An essentialized and remarkably delimited Indian theatre consisting of just one genre, namely, the ancient Sanskrit theatre, with no space for the Ram Lila or other flourishing vernacular genres;(2) Histories from the nationalist period portray Indian theatre as primarily, though not exclusively, madeup of India's Western-influenced "modern" theatre genre but relegate the Ram Lila to the realm of unsophisticated folk theatre; and (3) Postcolonial-era histories offer a broad-based and plural Indian theatre encompassing all major genres, including the Ram Lila, but valorize postcolonial theatre withuntenable and extravagant claims.

我会在结论论证这些研究的源起，并列举三个现代印度文化和历史的不同阶段作为例证：（1）东方主义时期的印度剧场史，呈现出一个本质主义、明显画地自限的印度剧场，当中只有一个剧种：古老的梵文剧场，毫无肚量容纳罗魔节戏或其他盛极一时的地方戏剧；（2）国家主义时期的剧场史，此时最主要由深受西方文化影响的印度「现代」剧场构成，罗魔节戏被贬抑为难登大雅的地方小戏；（3）后殖民时期的剧场史，提供了一个宽广、多元，兼容并蓄的印度剧场，罗魔节戏也在其中，但此时期过於夸大了后殖民剧场的资产。

"Each of the three operas of this 'portrait' trilogy has its own distinctive sound world. Einstein on the Beach, an opera about a great mathematician who loved music, is for amplified ensemble and small chorus singing a text compromised of numbers (actually the beats of the music) and solfege syllables. Satyagraha, a work about one man leading his people to freedom, is a large choral opera with text taken directly from Gandhi's philosophical guidebook (the Bhagavad-Gita) in the actual language in which he read it. In Akhnaten, my emphasis is orchestral, with choral and solo voices sharing common ground with the orchestra."

20世纪最具开创性和影响力的后现代主义作曲家、'低极限主义'音乐的奠基人之一Philip Glass的歌剧《Einstein on the Beach》被称作20世纪音乐创作的里程碑，它和《Satyagraha》（甘地，非暴力不合作主义）、《Akhnaten》（阿赫那吞，公元前14世纪的古埃及王）构成了Philip Glass的歌剧三部曲——其中分别用Einstein、Gandhi和Akhnaten这三位曾经革新了他们时代科学、政治和宗教思想观念的人物隐喻地对人类真实世界中的意识形态进行了审视和深思。

COMMUNIST MANIFESTO is a great milestone in the history of mankind, with theories of "two inevitabilities" as its crucial theme. It provides the general principles for all the mature works of Marx and Engels, and the key to understanding Marxism. It also sheds light on how we should treat Marxism. The fact that the "two inevitabilities" have not come true in Western countries does not affect the scientific nature of Marxism. The turmoils in East Europe do not symbolize failure of Marxism....

本文认为：《共产党宣言》是屹立在人类历史上的一座丰碑，其核心是关于&两个必然性&的理论，它构成了马克思恩格斯全部成熟著作的纲领和红线，是理解什么是马克思主义的关键，也为我们如何对待马克思主义提供了有益的启示；西方国家没有实现&两个必然性&，并不影响马克思主义的科学性，苏东剧变不是马克思主义的失败，而是背弃马克思主义的失败，而在中国，&两个必然性&的理论已经实现并在继续实现，这些都表明，《共产党宣言》的基本思想并不是乌托邦，而是科学社会主义学说。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。