构

Conversely, we can deduce their absolute configuration from the optical rotation direction.

由化合物的绝对构型，可以预测其旋光方向；反之，由旋光方向可以推断其绝对构型。

Constitutive model: Based on the energy principle of fracture mechanics, energy addition theorem and statistical theory of rock-mass structure, a constitutive model of anisotropic equivalent continuum is derived.

裂隙岩体的本构理论运用断裂力学能量原理和能量可加性原理及岩体结构统计理论，导出了裂隙岩体的各向异性等效连续介质本构模型，并对柔度张量和等效应力作了讨论。

We show that Jordan multiplicative bijective maps on prime operator algebrasmust be additive. As its application, we show that every Jordan * multiplicative bijec-tive map on every factor C~* algebra is a C~* isomorphism or a conjugate C~* isomorphism,in the special case of B, it must be a *-isomorphism or a conjugate *-isomorphism.We also prove the additivity of Jordan multiplicative bijective maps on nest algebras.

证明了素算子代数上Jordan可乘双射的可加性，利用这一结论刻画了因子C~*代数上的Jordan*可乘双射，我们的结果表明这样的映射一定是C~*同构或共轭C~*同构；证明了套代数上的Jordan可乘双射的可加性。

We discuss the relation between elementary maps and ring isomorphisms, andwe give a characterization of elementary maps on stndard operator algebras on Banachspaces, JSL-algebras and nest algebras. For Jordan-triple elementeary maps, we provetheir additivity on a class of ring and show a relation of them with Jordan isomorphisms. Furthermore. we describe the Jordan elementary maps on standard operator algebrasand nest algebras. We also study the semi-Jordan elementary maps on effect algebrasand the space of self adjoint operators.

研究了算子代数上的初等映射和环同构的关系，完全刻画了Banach空间上标准算子代数，JSL代数和套代数上的初等映射；讨论了Jordan-triple初等映射的可加性以及它和Jordan同构的关系，进而完全刻画了Banach空间上标准算子代数和套代数上的Jordan-triple初等映射；刻画了效应代数和自伴算子空间上的semi-Jordan初等映射。

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

It's really the natural setting for algebraic topology because the traditional algebraic invariants (fundamental group, homolog group,etc.) arc isomorphic not only for homeomorphic spaces but for spaces of the same homotopy type. Homtopy epimorphisms and monomorphisms are special morphisms in the category of topological spaces and the initial research of them may be traceable to S.T.

同伦论的本质是利用比同胚关系更广泛的等价关系—同伦关系来对拓扑空间进行研究，这也是代数拓扑研究中一种自然的考虑，因为传统的代数不变量不仅在同胚的空间之间保持同构，而且在具有相同伦型的空间之间也保持同构。

Carbon distribution and content of normal alkane and isoalkane in rubber waxes are measured by using high temperature gas chromatography.

采用高温气相色谱法测定橡胶防护蜡中的正构烷烃和非正构烷烃的碳数及含量。

Write the structural formula for an alkyne hydrocarbon having the fewest number of C's, which has geometric isomers, and give the IUPAC name for both geometric isomers.

答：写出有几何异构体的，含碳原子数最少的炔烃的结构式，并对所有的异构体用IUPAC命名法命名

Results The single half frame (HF1) was the worst, the delta frame was better, and the half ring frame was the best in over-all performances with regard to rigidity.

结果 在综合指标方面，单杆单边式构型(HF1)最差，三角式构型较好，半环式构型最佳。

So during monitoring the gel forming in mineral field, for Cr3+ and composite ion cross-linked gel made by produced water and Al3+ cross-linked gel made by fresh water, we advice that the index of viscosity or conventional transition pressure is used to proceed valuation.

当聚合物凝胶体系为区域性网状分子构型时，粘度或传统的转变压力是可以替代阻力系数和残余阻力系数的简单、快捷和有效的评价指标；当聚合物凝胶体系为局部性网状分子构型时，粘度或传统的转变压力指标都很难反映聚合物分子构型特征；在矿场对聚合物凝胶体系成胶效果进行监测时，对于污水配制Cr3+和复合离子交联凝胶体系和清水配制Al3+交联凝胶体系，建议采用粘度或传统转变压力指标进行评价；对于污水配制Al3+交联凝胶体系，建议采用阻力系数和残余阻力系数或本课题提出的转变压力指标进行评价。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。