极限情况

It is concluded that if the monatomic model of Chapter 3 is used the pair potential constructed by the former method cannot predict correct heats of solution, while the pair potential constructed by the latter method can predict the lattice constants, the bulk moduli and the cohesive energies of the Ll〓 superstructures formed by the two kinds of atoms within acceptable accuracy.

推广到合金的情况，提出了由某个二元超结构的结合能曲线和由稀极限溶解热反演埋入原子法的合金对势V〓的两种不同的方法。

This paper presents a study on modeling the stability of dump slope using the techniques of limit equilibrium, numerical simulation, and numerical differentiation.

针对废渣场的废渣材料软硬比例发生了不利于堆放边坡稳定的特殊情况，应用极限平衡法、数值模拟及数值微分对渣场稳定进行分析计算。

If under ideal conditions, one electron-hole pair injected yields one blue photon and the quantum efficiency of the phosphor equals one, the numbers of electron-hole pair must equal to the numbers of white photons. So LW white LED radiation power output has to consume 1.51 W electric powers and the luminous flux efficiency limitation of electrical to optical conversion for the white LED is 197.8lm/W at above condition.

在理想情况下，注入一个电子－孔穴对产生一个蓝光光子，设荧光粉的量子效率为1，因此，注入的电子－孔穴对数亦等于白光光子数，进而计算出白光LED每辐射1W的光功率所需的电功率为1.51W，上述白光LED发光光谱对应的白光LED的电－光转换的理论极限流明效率为197.8lm/W。

The result showed that the luminous flux for LW white LED radiation power output is 298.7 lm and the total photons are 2.7×1018. If under ideal conditions, one electron-hole pair injected yields one blue photon and the quantum efficiency of the phosphor equals one, the numbers of electron-hole pair must equal to the numbers of white photons.

在理想情况下，注入一个电子-孔穴对产生一个蓝光光子，设荧光粉的量子效率为1，因此，注入的电子-孔穴对数亦等于白光光子数，进而计算出白光LED每辐射1 W的光功率所需的电功率为1.51 W，上述白光LED发光光谱对应的白光LED的电-光转换的理论极限流明效率为197.8 lm/W。

According to the present state of pump well system efficiency, the paper analyzed the factors of influence system efficiency.

针对胡庆油田抽油井的现状，详细分析了影响其系统效率的因素，结合胡庆油田实际情况，对胡庆油田极限系统效率进行预测，并提出提高胡庆油田抽油井系统效率的对策，为今后做好提高系统效率工作指明方向。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

Under the same situation as tube-diameter and so on, yield load and limited load increase with the increasing of steel tube ratio. But the steel tube ratios variety has ruleless to maximum displacement of the upper column.

2在钢管外径等其他属性相同的情况下，屈服荷载与极限荷载随含钢率的增大而增大，但含钢率的变化给柱顶最大位移带来的变化不具有规律性。

Under the same situation as steel tube ratio and volumetric percentage of stirrups and so on, yield load and increases with the increasing of reinforced bar-diameter. But the variety of reinforced bar-diameter has ruleless to limited load and ductibility.

4在含钢率、配箍率等其他属性相同的情况下，屈服荷载随着钢筋直径的增大而增大，但钢筋直径的改变对极限荷载和柱的延性的改变不具有规律性。

In case of alternate loading and unloading,a shakedown analysis is necessary for its long term safety evaluation.

在边坡所受到的全部或部分载荷发生往复变化的情况下，塑性理论要求采用安定分析来评价其安全性，而不是人们常用的、只适用于比例加载的极限分析。

Secondly, the existence of chaos in a special class of discrete-time neural network models with sinusoidal activation function in the sense of Devaney with some parameters of the systems entering some regions are rigorously presented by means of anti-integrable limit method. Whats more, period-doubling bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation in the neuron model are studied.

其次，利用反向可积极限方法证明了一类周期输入输出函数的离散神经网络模型在参数达到一定范围时产生Devaney意义下的混沌，并讨论了其一维情形的神经元模型出现倍周期分支和鞍-结点分支的情况。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。