极限分布

The transient natural convection and natural convective heat and mass transfer under constant-flux condition were also studied respectively. In experimental research, the electrochemical method was used to analogize natural convection in a porous enclosure.

在实验研究中，采用电化学方法，在多孔介质封闭腔体的两竖壁间建立浓度梯度和温度梯度，实验测量了腔体内的温度分布和电极间的极限电流，以此确定了总体的传热系数和传质系数。

We discuss asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators of the Logistic population based on selected order statistics and give the formula of computing the ABLUE, the variance and the covariance of the ABLUE in limit, and properties of the ABLUE, and so on. We give the optimum chosen of spacing which is the ABLUE with maximum asymptotic relative efficiency based on complete sample when selected order statistics number is less than 10, and obtain its maximum asymptotic relative efficiency.

讨论基于Logistic总体Ⅱ型截尾样本的若干个样本分位数的总体分布参数的近似最佳线性无偏估计；给出了该近似最佳线性无偏估计的计算公式，估计方差与协方差的极限表达式及估计量的大样本性质等；给出了全样本，样本分位点个数固定，但不超过10情形下，使上述近似最佳线性无偏估计有最大相对联合估计效率时，样本分位数选取法及最大相对联合估计效率；为大样本情形下，该近似最佳线性无偏估计的应用提供了理论依据。

Both of them are the normal distance of the tangent plane at the check point on the limit state surface in the generalized stochastic space and the asymptotic formula for Laplace''s integral respectively.

提出了利用广义随机变量空间失效极限状态曲面上验算点处切平面法线和Laplace型积分渐近公式两种确定任意分布的荷载变量相关下结构的可靠指标的新方法，改进了现行防波堤失效概率计算理论。

In Part two, it is proved that, the evolution strategy of uniform distribution for continuous functions, asymptotically converges to the global optimal solutions in probability, by using central limit theorem, under suitable conditions. Then a new kind of evolution strategies is proposed.

第二部分，针对连续函数优化问题，利用中心极限定理，在较弱的条件下，首先证明了基于均匀分布的进化策略是依概率收敛的，然后给出了采用一般连续型随机变量作为变异算子的进化策略依概率收敛的证明。

Most of them rely on the central limit theorem, that states that the mean of N independent realizations of a random variable with mean u and variance d^2 approaches a normal distribution with mean u and variance d^2/N .

在蒙特卡罗评估框架内大量的各种选择性算法已经被推出，他们中的大部分依赖于中心极限定理，一个均值为U方差为D^2的随机变量的N次独立实现的平均值接近于一个均值为U方差为D^2/N的正态分布。

The elastic stress diagram design method is behind the times and cant meet the command in practice.In the paper the author collected and analyzed a large amount of data about the SLRCP on several typical domestic model experiments and the projects in practice. By summarizing and analyzing the data, the author set up a typical computing model and analyzed the model by the software ANSYS, by reading the output data of the stress and the crack from the program, combined with the experimental results, the author summarized the destroy procession of the stock. The paper also discussed the influence of other main factors to the crack and the stress besides the internal water pressure, such as the concrete material, the dimension of stock and the way of laid-out steel bars.

本文通过对大量实际工程中的坝后背管资料的收集、归纳和分析，选取了具有代表性的计算模型；用有限元软件ANSYS计算了典型坝后背管结构在实际内水压力作用下的应力分布和裂缝发展情况；以国内几个有代表性的模型试验和有限元计算的成果为依据，分析了在内水压力作用下钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道管壁裂缝的特点，并尝试总结出此种管道的裂缝出现的原因及其发展规律，同时确定了坝后背管结构极限状态的新的定义方式——以坝后背管的裂缝宽度来定义。

The asymptotic property of the modified supremum-type statistic and the integral-type statistic under the composite null hypothesis are derived.

对上界型检验统计量，研究了与之有关的一个极限性质；对积分型检验统计量，证明了其在复合零假设下的渐近分布。

In the Cryptocarya community, the reason for Cryptocarya concinna having high relative frequency and relative abundance is probably not it has wider range of resistance to soil variables but the range of its resistance has much wider spread in broad-leaf forest habitat, or it may just has a wider range of resistance to the limiting factor.

在厚壳桂群落，黄果厚壳桂之所以具有较高分布频度与多度，并非它对所有土壤因子具有较宽的容忍性，而可能是它能容忍的范围在阔叶林生境有较广的分布，或它仅对极限因子的容忍有较广的范围。

Using Field single ignition experiments of the four unconfined volume dispersion and small dosage solid FAE and TNT bombs experiments, we got the peak overpressures of solid FAE at different distances. Compared with TNT, The overpressure of FAE is 1.14~1.6 times higher than that of the TNT. Based on the theory of the air shock wave overpressure, the FAE relativity TNT mass is evaluated. At the edge of the explosive field, the number is 3.88. Pictures of high speed photography indicate that the duration and the most effect area of the FAE and TNT. Compared with TNT, obviously the FAE has more advantages. And, based on the theory of the critical concentration of dust explosion, the radius of dust explosive zone is evaluated. The phenomenon that the overpressure decays rapidly with distance is analyzed. It is suggested that the explosive temperature should be increased as the main approach to improve the FAE explosive capability in the condition when the over pressure is invariable.

通过四组无约束固态燃料空气炸药装置与等质量的TNT在野外开放空间的一次起爆对比实验，测得了不同配方组份FAE装置在不同距离的爆炸超压分布，FAE装置峰值超压比相同距离的TNT高1.14-1.6倍；并运用空气冲击波峰值超压公式计算出了FAE的等效爆炸TNT当量随距离的变化关系，在爆炸场边缘区，FAE装置爆炸当量达到了3.88倍TNT当量；通过高速摄影的图片得到了爆炸产生火球的持续时间和最大作用范围，与等质量TNT爆炸火球相比，FAE的优势明显；运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度估算了云雾爆轰区半径，并分析了测量到的固态FAE爆炸场的压力分布单调衰减的原因；建议在保持超压不变的情况下，把提高爆温作为提高FAE爆炸性能的主要途径。

Thus, investigation of the effect of this distribution on the factor of safety is of practical significance.

极限平衡法计算边坡安全系数的结果依赖于滑面正应力分布的假设，研究滑面正应力分布对安全系数的影响具有重要的理论意义。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。