极限分布

Topics include permutation tests, permutation limit theorems, 2-sample rank tests and their asymptotic efficiency, k-sample rank tests, 1-sample tests of location, paired comparisons, rank tests for symmetry and independence, and analogues of linear modeling based on ranks.

包括排列检验，排列极限理论，两样本秩检验及其渐进有效性，k个样本的秩检验，单样本的位置检验，配对比较检验，对称分布和独立分布的秩检验，基于秩的线性模型的模拟。

Topics include permutation tests, permutation limit theorems, 2-sample rank tests and their asymptotic efficiency, k-sample rank tests, 1-sample tests of location, paired comparisons, rank tests for symmetry and independence, and analogues

包括排列检验，排列极限理论，两样本秩检验及其渐进有效性，k个样本的秩检验，单样本的位置检验，配对比较检验，对称分布和独立分布的秩检验，基于秩的线性模型的模拟。

In a certain period, the probability and expected value of critical drought duration got larger with the in crease of first-order auto-correlation coefficient and skewed coefficient, especially with first-order autocorrelation coefficient. The return periods of consecutive 11-year drought in North Luo River and Jing River were 1000 years.

在一定时期内，极限水文干旱历时的发生概率和数学期望随一阶自相关系数、偏态系数的增加而增大，且一阶自相关系数对极限水文干旱历时概率分布影响较为显著；泾河和洛河发生连续11年干旱的重现期均为1000年。

Known by the central limit theorem, the distribution of the absurd will eventually converged on the Gaussian distribution, while the speed chosen by the decision of the tail function.

由中心极限定理所知，这个荒谬的分布将最终汇聚于高斯分布，而其速度由所选择的尾部功能决定。

Thus, 8 groups of reliability indexes are derived which are thereliability indexes of primary and adjunctive combination under normal and intensivecar operation status when mobile load effect belongs to extreme value typeⅠdistribution and normal distribution respectively.

其中，分别考虑了荷载的基本组合和附加组合，汽车荷载服从正态分布和极值Ⅰ型分布，汽车运行一般运行状态和密集运行状态，然后经过综合比较分析得出了钢桥常用的两种钢材在强度极限状态下的目标可靠指标建议值。

Furthermore, the Taylor's expansion of $\varphi(t_1,t_2)$ is given and the relation between chance distribution and characteristic function such as inversion formula is obtained.

此外，我们还给出了特征函数$\varphi(t_1，t_2)$的泰勒展式，得到了机会分布与特征函数的关系式反演公式，唯一性定理，正极限定理，逆极限定理等。

Classical limit theory includes the central limit theory, the law of large numbers, and the law of iterated logarithm etc.

经典的极限理论包括中心极限定理，大数律，重对数律等等，相对于收敛性来讲，就是依分布收敛，依概率收敛，和几乎必然收敛等等。

In chapter 3,we dig out two families of invariant quartic curves of a quadratic system.

第五章讨论向量场具有对称中心的二次系统，利用系统的不变双曲线及不变四次曲线，我们确定了一个对应极限环（1.1）分布的二维参数区域，其边界的构成为如下几种常见的极限环分枝：霍夫分析，庞加莱分枝，同宿分枝和异宿分枝。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

In order to design an actual pile foundation it is common to collect as much as possible information concerning pile ultimate load capacity for that project from available sources, induing estimation by using some empirical formulas, thus it forms an estimation distribution.

为具体桩基工程的设计，从各渠道收集到的有关该工程的极限承载力信息，包括用各种经验式估算，构成一个估计分布，然后结合实地进行的静载荷试验资料应用Bayes理论将上述各项数据进行综合更新，最终得到一个后验的极限承载力均值及其标准差。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。