极性

The longer the alkyl-chains are, the stronger the surface activity of cosurfactant is. It's liable to form mixed film at interface with surfactant. Alcohol with short chain has weak surface activity and"solubilize" in reverse micromulsion to adjust micropolarity of microemulsion, so alcohol not only to act as cosurfactant but also act as"cosolute"in reverse microemulsion.

醇的碳链越长，表面活性越强，越易于进入界面与表面活性剂形成混合膜，短链醇的表面活性弱，主要溶解于反相微乳液中调节反相微乳液的微极性；因而醇在反相微乳液中的作用不仅是助表面活性剂也是助&溶剂&。

Then, the pigments were modified with stearyl amine, which could react with -SO〓H or -COOH on pigment surface.

在此基础上，加入硬脂胺使其与极性基团成盐，得到了效果较好的协同增效作用。

At the 10th day after cultivation, the visual pigment immunoreaction was suffusive in the whole cell membrane and apical process; while at the 30th and 40th day, it gathered at the membrane of apical process or one pole of the cells.

体外培养10 d时，视色素弥漫地分布于整个细胞膜及顶端突起；培养20 d时视色素逐渐向顶端突起或细胞的一端集中；到培养30、40 d时，视色素聚集于顶端突起或细胞的一端，呈现极性分布特征。

Based on the characteristics of the chip we designed to control the hydraulic servo system for the core of this system, control circuit valve using digital potentiometer, through programming, automatic regulation resistance, high AD698 and accurately by an LVDT valve mechanical displacements converted single polarity dc voltage, through the simulation, the design of PID algorithm of closing valves, the degree of control system and superordination machine, realize the valve control circuit of adjustment and control.

基于上述特点我们设计了以单片机为控制核心的液压伺服阀控制电路，本系统采用数字电位器，通过编程自动调节电阻值，采用AD698 与LVDT 配合，高精确地将阀门的机械位移转换成单极性直流电压，通过模拟PID调节算法，设计实现了对阀门开合程度的控制，该系统与上位机进行通信，实现对阀门控制电路的调试及监控。

Methods After taking triazolam and distilled water respectively, the mice sleeping-behavior state was observed and recorded; the ratio of sleeping mice was recorded after taking different of ingredients Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. combining with pentobarbital sodium at subliminal dose, and mice latent period and sleeping time at supraliminal dose. Measure the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in mice brain with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, weigh spleen and thymus of mice.

通过观察记录日间小鼠睡眠行为状态，戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠剂量实验，延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间实验，酶联免疫吸附反应分别检测服用3种不同极性的提取部位、阳性对照物和空白对照组的小鼠脑组织中IL-1β含量，并结合脏器指数等综合分析。

The generic data matrix and database of adult morphology of Tenthredinoidea were set up. The polarization of each morphologic character was concluded based on the evolutionary morphology, the inner group comparision and fossils analysis. The generic cladogram of Tenthredinoidea was calculated by PC586 computer using Hennig86 program. A new classification system for Tenthredinoidea was proposed based on the analysis of the cladogram. The tribal cladistic biogeography of the superfamily was analyzed using Diva program.

以成虫外部形态为主体建立和完善了叶蜂总科属级形态特征矩阵和数据库；采用进化形态学—内群比较—化石比较分析方法推断了各个特征的演化极性；应用Hennig86程序以427个叶蜂属为终端分析单元，在PC586计算机上运算，得出了叶蜂总科属间关系支序图，解析支序图，建立形式分类，提出了新的叶蜂总科分类系统。

Surface photovoltaic behavior of titanoxophthalocyanine/N,N-bistolylperylene tetracarboxylic diimide composite films was investigated with surface photovoltaic spectroscopy and field induced surface photovoltaic spectroscopy.

用表面光电压谱和电场诱导表面光电压谱相结合的方法，研究了酞菁氧钛/N，N-二甲苯基苝酰亚胺复合薄膜的表面光伏行为，发现加入N，N-二甲苯基苝酰亚胺使复合薄膜在可见光区和近红外光区均产生负的光伏响应，可归结为光伏极性反转现象。

Photovoltaic Polarity Inversion in Thin Filma of Titanoxophthalocyanine/N,N-Bistolylperylene Tetracarboxylic Dimimide Composite Films

酞菁氧钛/N，N-二甲苯基苝酰亚胺复合薄膜的光伏极性反转

In Chapter 2, the study on PET of the donor/acceptor pair via the rigid bridge, heptacyclo [6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14] tetradecane, is presented. By using the GMH method, the electronic coupling matrix elements between ground and excited states are predicted.

在第二章，我们研究了对七环十四烷连接儿茶酚和二氰基乙烯构建的分子内光诱导电子转移体系；考察了吸收光谱随溶剂极性变化的影响，预测了该体系的电子转移机理，并利用广义的Mulliken-Hush公式，计算了基态和各激发态之间的电子转移耦合矩阵元。

This dissertation successfully fabricated cross-linked polysiloxanes under base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide siloxanolate or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (Me_4NOH) siloxanolate by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of cyclosiloxanes and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes as multifunctional monomers.

本论文首次通过阴离子开环共聚，成功地将POSS大分子作为多官能团单体，与环硅氧烷在KOH硅醇盐或Me_4NOH硅醇盐等碱性催化剂的作用下，直接合成交联聚硅氧烷：通过调节POSS大分子和环硅氧烷单体的种类以及化学计量比，可合成出一系列不同种类和不同交联密度的交联聚硅氧烷；并对其阴离子开环共聚机理以及极性调节剂DMAc对凝胶时间的影响进行了详细讨论；同时借以凝胶含量和溶胀比、GPC、FT-IR、固体~(13)C和~(29)Si NMR、WAXD、DSC以及TG等手段对所得聚合物的微观结构以及热性能进行了详细考察。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。