极性

He absorption peaks of ferrocene and acetyl ferrocene in polar and nonpolar solution change whenconcentration and temperature change.

作者对二茂铁、乙酰二茂铁在极性和非极性溶剂中吸收峰随浓度及温度的变化进行了研究。

According to the properties of bio-oil, converting carboxyl acid and aldehyde through esterification and aldolization have great potential.

根据生物油中化学组成的特点，将极性基团转化为稳定的非极性基团的化学改性方法是生物油改性具有潜力的发展方向。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

A polar sensitive probe with selective marks prepared by the invention can be used for compounds comprising mercapto. Owning to the introduction of the maleimide group, the probe can be used for the measurement and research of marks of biomacromolecules that comprise the mercapto and adjacent regional polarity change situations of the mercapto, in particular to the research of the selective marks of the mercapto and the adjacent regional polarity change situations of the mercapto in protein.

本发明制备出一种能够用于含有巯基的化合物的选择性标记的极性敏感探针，该探针由于马来酰亚胺基团的引入，可以用于含有巯基的生物大分子的标记及巯基附近区域极性变化情况的测定和研究，特别是蛋白质中巯基的选择性标记和巯基附近极性变化情况的研究。

Dr. Sharma and colleagues used the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition to reinterview 61 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression who had failed to respond to at least two adequate courses of antidepressants. By examining their symptoms over time as well as their family history, the researchers discovered that 35% of these patients had a form of bipolar disorder. Even more remarkably, after following them for a year, fully 80% of patients were deemed to have bipolar disorder.

Sharma博士与其同事使用精神异常诊断与统计手册第四版的结构式临床面谈，针对61位被诊断为单极性异常，而且至少对两种以上抗忧郁药物，在使用足够疗程下，没有反应的病患进行再次面谈；透过检查他们随著时间表现出来的症状以及家族史，研究者发现，这些病患中的35%具有双极性异常的形式；更值得注意的，在追踪一年后，将近80%的病患被视为患有双极性异常。

The results obtained form theoretical calculations indicate that the hydroxyl-tautomer predominate in the gas phase or nonpolar solvents, while in solvents of high dielectric constant, the tautomeric equilibria is shift in favor of the oxo-tautomer can be mainly ascribed to the polarization effects.

结果表明，2（1H）-吡啶酮类化合物在极性溶剂中表现出与气相或非极性溶剂中截然不同的的优势结构主要是由于各异构体分子极性上的差异引起的。

As a result, dual fluorescence was observed in non-polar solvents. Long-wavelength emission was found to consist of two components:+D||A" exciplexes resulted by "harpooning effect" and +D^^A" exciplexes stablized by solvation.

研究结果表明：合成的化合物在非极性溶剂中有双重荧光的稳态发射行为；双重荧光中的长波长发射经时间分辨光谱研究为双指数发射衰减；其中的长寿命衰减是由于该类化合物在非极性溶剂中激发后经过分子内电荷转移形成了激基复合物所致，而产生该激基复合物的直接原因是由于在非极性溶剂中的&harpooning effect&所致，短寿命则来自于该类化合物激发后在溶液中发生了分子内电荷转移的直接衰减。

Ascending into polarity occurs as one transmutes one end of the pole of a particular thought-form and then enters the other extreme.

提升到极性中，会当你转化某个思想形态的某个极性时发生，然后进入到另一个相反极性。

Fluorescence emission spectra and UV absorb spectra analysis have been undertaken to test the influence of solvent polarity on the lowest excited singlet state of the tertiary amines. The absorption maxima were red-shafted slightly, and the emission maxima were red-shafted strongly, which showed all of the three compounds were found to be essentiallyππ* in character, which makes for the formation of triplet-exciplex state and the subsequent reactions,?known as photo-reduction and hydrogen-abstraction.

本文借助光谱检测的手段测试了新合成的增感剂的光物理化学性能，利用荧光发射光谱和紫外吸收光谱测试了溶剂极性对叔胺的最低激发单重态的影响，实验结果表明叔胺的紫外最大吸收波长随溶剂极性的增强产生轻微的红移，荧光最大发射波长随溶剂极性的增强产生明显的红移，表明三种叔胺的最低激发单重态具有ππ*跃迁的特性，这对于激态复合物的生成以及其后的光致还原反应和提氢反应的发生都非常有利。

In this work, the ionic liquids was used as the microwave absorption medium and an ionic liquid-non polar solvent microwave extraction method was developed. The proposed method was applied to the extraction of the chemical constituents from the root of Panax ginseng C.M.

以离子液体作为微波吸收介质建立了离子液体-非极性溶剂微波提取法，对人参中的化学成分进行了提取，并将该法与固体微波吸收介质-非极性溶剂微波提取法、极性溶剂微波提取法以及混合溶剂微波提取法进行了对比。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。