极小元素

There are 8.6%~10.91% foreign matter in the sphenes, in which radioactive elements of strontium, cesium and uranium range from 4.26% to 4.58%. The change of structural cell parameters of sphenes is still very little,Δa=-0.0009 nm~0.0041 nm,Δb=0.0018 nm~0.0004 nm,Δc=0.0002 nm~0.0048 nm,Δβ=-0.10°~0.09° with high crystallinity of 99.27%~96.46%. Though, the age of sphene from the Fenghuang Mountain is about 1000 Ma, and experienced 775 Ma~1758 Ma geological evolvement and alpha decay, its crystallinity only decreased 3%, and its crystal shape and structure are still fine, indicating that sphene is of good ability to solidify radioactive elements. Therefore, sphenes are ideal minerals for solidifying nucleus waste.

通过对北祁连牛心山变质杂岩体中榍石(775Ma)和山西凤凰山花岗岩中榍石(1758Ma)的XRD及EDS等测试与研究，结果表明：两地榍石的杂质元素质量分数高达8.6%~10.91%，放射性核素锶、铯和铀的质量分数达4.26%~4.58%；晶胞参数的变化极小，△a=-0.0009nm~0.0041nm、△b=0.0018nm~0.0004nm、△c=0.0002nm~-0.0048nm、△β=-0.10°~0.09°，结晶度仍高达99.27%~96.46%，榍石经过10×10^8a的地质作用，结晶度仅减少了3%，显示榍石固化放射性系列核素的能力较强，虽经历了约775Ma~1758Ma的复杂地质演化及其所含放射性核素的衰变作用，其晶体结构完好，稳定性极高，是值得期待的理想核废物固化矿物。

Many existing algorithms of attribute reduction begin at constructing decision table's discernibility matrix,then convert non-empty objects' conjunctive normal form into minimal disjunctive normal form.

现有的很多属性约简算法都是由构造决策表的差别矩阵出发，将矩阵中非空元素的合取范式转化为极小析取范式。

Many existing algorithms of attribute reduction begin at constructing decision table's discernibility matrix,then convert non－empty objects' conjunctive normal form into minimal disjunctive normal form.

现有的很多约简算法都是由构造决策表的区分矩阵出发，将矩阵中非空元素的合取范式转化为极小析取范式。

We prove that in every nonzero coset, there is a unique element with minimal Euclidean weight among the group of elements with minimal Mahattan weight.

证明了在每个非零陪集中，具有极小Hexagonal重量的元素集合里，具有极小欧氏重量的元是唯一的。

The definitions of generalized directional derivative and generalized gradient of Lipschitz functions defined on Riemannian manifold are presented. Some properties of the directional derivative and gradient are proved by using tangent and cotangent mapping. The minimization necessary condition of nonsmooth Lipschitz functions is given. Moreover, Fritz John necessary optimality condition in mathematical programming is provided on Riemannian manifold.

在黎曼流形上给出了Lipschitz函数的广义方向导数和广义梯度的概念，利用黎曼流形局部上与欧氏空间开集微分同胚的性质以及切映射和余切映射导出了广义梯度的性质和运算法则，证明了定义在黎曼流形上的函数取得极小值的必要条件是广义梯度包含零元素，并利用这些性质给出了黎曼流形上数学规划问题的Fritz John型最优性条件。

Space curve is one of the basic elements in geometric modeling, and its effective representation is the basis of modeling. Parametric representation based on features is a kind of high-level representation including semantic information. In Chapter 4, para- metric representations based on features for free form space curve are investigated, and a parametric model for the loop of plain knitted fabric is established, in which 5 parameters with practical meanings are used to represent the shape of a loop and the relationship between loops. A new shrinkage prediction method for knitted fabric are proposed based on the parametric representation and energy minimizing. Experimental results on some plain knitted fabrics illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

空间曲线是造型中最基本的几何元素之一，对其有效的表示是造型的基础，而特征参数化表示是其中一种包含语义信息的高层次表示，本文对空间自由曲线的特征参数化表示进行研究，建立了一种针织物线圈的特征参数化几何模型，采用5个具有实际意义的参数表示织物线圈的几何形状及线圈之间的位置关系，并将该模型与能量极小化的方法相结合，得到了一种能较好地预测针织物缩水率的新模型，对随机选取的一些针织布缩水预测实验表明了算法的可行性。

In the studying of image segmentation, six crucial technologies havebeen developed successfully. 1 In one dimension histogram of original DRimage of luggage, there remain maximum-value wave crest havingapproximately stationary position, and the first minimum to the left of thewave crest performs excellently to be used to get rid of background of DRimage. 2 Open operation, one type of math morphology, is the right idea toerase luggage disturbance in DR image and at the same time, can be retaininteresting region appropriately. 3 After open operation, there are only a few minimums on image histogram, one of which can be to segment image furtherand achieves satisfying result. 4 Method of histogram analyzing and that oferosion performs well in the re-segmentation of conglutinative region in DRimage. 5 Method of image distance switch can ensure Luggage CT sectionautomatically obtained to have rich suspicious region information. 6 Todecompose structure element of math morphology is a way to save a great dealrunning time for automatically discerning interesting regions algorithm,apparently improving implementation efficiency.

在对图像可疑区域分割研究中，主要开发成功以下几项关键技术：1发现原始箱包DR图像的一维直方图中，均具有位置相对稳定的最大值波峰，以波峰左边第一个极小值为分割阈值，去除DR图像背景，效果非常好。2运用数学形态学中的开运算能够非常有效地去除箱子的干扰，同时能够比较好地保留可疑区域。3发现开运算后的DR图像直方图只有若干个极小值点的特点，其中用最大值波峰左边的第二个极小值点进一步分割DR图像，能够更有效地提取箱包中的可疑区域。4运用直方图分析法和腐蚀法，对粘连区域实行再分割，效果较好。5运用距离变换法，能确保自动设定的箱包CT截面包含丰富的可疑区域信息。6运用形态学结构元素分解技术，大幅度减少可疑区域的自动判别算法运行时间，提高算法软件执行效率。

Based on the simulation data, the effects of clearances, damping coefficient and the rotation speed on the dynamic behaviors are studied: compared with ideal mechanisms, mechanisms with clearances are less stable; as for mechanisms with clearances, when the crank rotates at the speed of 100rad/s, the actual clearances are always above the radium of clearances, axle pin and axle cover keep contact throught the rotation; when the crank rotates at the speed of 20rad/s, mechanisms are in an unstable state, at an angle of about 300, the actual clearances are below the radium of clearances, pairs lose contact, which results in collision between them; with the speed of 20rad/s, when damping coefficient is assumed 175Ns/m, distinct separation and collision happen between pairs; when damping coefficient is assumed 220Ns/m, separation and collision are controlled.

在含间隙机构中，当曲柄以100rad/s转动时，运动副间隙始终大於半径间隙，轴销与轴套始终保持连续接触；当曲柄以低速20rad/s转动时，系统处於极不稳定的震荡状态，在转至300°左右时，运动副间隙小於半径间隙，脱离接触，发生明显的分离碰撞现象。在含间隙机构中，曲柄以低速20rad/s转动，当取法向阻尼系数为175Ns/m时，副元素发生明显的分离碰撞现象；当取法向阻尼系数为220Ns/m时控制了副元素的分离，副元素一直处於连续接触状态。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。