极化

Based on calculating the first-order corrections to the energy from relativistic and mass-polarization effects, we estimate the higher-order relativistic contribution and QED correction to the energy under a hydrogenic approximation. The transition energies, wavelengths and oscillator strengths for the 1s23s-1s2np transitions of this ion are calculated.

在计算相对论效应和质量极化效应对体系能量的一级修正的基础上，通过引入价电子的有效核电荷，在类氢近似下，估算了对能量的高阶相对论修正和QED修正，计算了该离子1s23s-1s2np的跃迁能，波长和在三种规范下的振子强度。

The ground-state energy and the average number of virtual phonons around the electron of a hydrogenic impurity confined in a parabolic quantum dot are calculated using the squeezed-state variational approach,which is based on two successive canonical transformations and uses a displaced-oscillator type unitary transformation to deal with the bilinear terms,which are usually neglected.

李伟萍 内蒙古赤峰学院物理与电子信息工程系，赤峰 024000肖景林内蒙古民族大学物理与电子信息学院，通辽 028043采用基于逐次正则变换的变分方法，利用单模压缩态变换处理包含声子产生湮灭算符的双线性项，研究了抛物量子点中束缚极化子的性质。

The variational method and the effective mass approximation are used to calculate the phonon effects on the hydrogenic impurity states in a cylindrical quantum wire with finite deep potential by taking both the couplings of the electron-confined bulk longitudinal optical phonons and the impurity-ion–LO phonons into account.

采用有效质量近似和变分方法，同时考虑电子-约束型体纵光学声子及杂质离子-LO声子耦合，计算了有限深柱形量子线中杂质的极化效应。

In the experiments, by means of the advantages of IBAD technology, Ni-Nb amorphous films of about 0.5 μm thick were prepared. And the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the films were investigated by nanoindentation tests and polarization measurements, respectively.

实验中还利用IBAD在技术上的优势，制备了厚度约为O.5μm的Ni-Nb非晶薄膜，并通过纳米压痕测试和电化学极化测量的方法对其力学和电化学性能进行了研究。

The wave function of the phonon is assumed to take thecoherent state,a self-consistent integrodifferential equationsatisfied by the electron wave function is derived.Solving for thisequation,we get the polaron ground-state energy E=-0.1085α2, whichis very close to these of previous strong-coupling theories.In chap.4,we will apply approaches developed in chaps.2 and 3 to discuss theimportant two-dimensional(2D)polaron problem.

把声子部分取成相干态的形式，我们推导出电子波函数所满足的非线性的微分积分方程，求解这个方程，我们得到基态能为E＝-0.1085α2，它与以前的各种强耦合理论的结果非常接近，在第四章中，我们利用在第二，三章中发展的方法讨论很重要的二维极化子问题。

It is found thatthe fractal dimension D=1.25 corresponds to the lowest criticalcoupling constant αc=1.9,D=1.73 corresponds to the highest criticalratio of dielectric constants ηc=0.163,and when D≤1.145 bipolaronscan not exist at any rate.In chap,4,we will propose a novelapproach to the calculation of the exciton ground-state energy for thestrong-coupling case.Different from all previous methods,the wavefunction of the phonon part is assumed to take a form related to thewave function of the relative motion.We obtain the exciton energy bysolving the derived integrodifferential equation rather than select ahydrogen-like form to minimize the energy expectation.

结果发现，分数维的维数D＝1.25对应最小的临界的电-声耦合常数(αo＝1.9)，D＝1.73对应最大的临界的介电常数比(ηc＝0.163)，当分数维的维数D≤1.145时，双极化子无论如何也不可能存在，在第四章中，我们将提出一种新颖的变分方法来计算强耦合的激子-声子系统的基态能，不同于以前所有的方法，我们取声子的波函数与相对运动波函数有关的形式，而不是假定一个固定的关于相对运动坐标r的函数形式，得到相对运动波函数所满足的非线性的微分积分方程，我们数值求解这个微分积分方程得到系统基态能，而不是选择一个类氢原子的波函数变分使得能量的期待值最小。

On the contrary, the anionswith greater deformability would promote a rise intemperature by induced dipole relaxation, In thepresence of microwave field, the conductivity of thedilute solution were higher than one in lack of theexternal field.

上述两种相反的作用可以通过离子的极化参数来定性衡量；此外稀溶液在微波场中的电导率均高于常规条件下的值，这是由于在微波场的作用下，离子氛的松驰力降低，从而使得溶液的电导增加，这可以看成是微波非热效果的具体现。3。

The experimental result shows that the resonance line w,the magnetic quadrupole M2 line,the intercombination line y and the forbidden line z of He-like Al are obtained with PET crystal in the direction of horizontal.

实验结果表明，PET晶体分光效果理想，获得了铝的类He共振线、磁四级M2跃迁x线、互组合跃迁y线以及禁戒谱线z线，适合于研究X射线极化光谱学；云母晶体得到铝的类He共振线，其伴线光谱不明显。

The results show that intercrystalline corrosion and exfoliation corrosion sensibility of 7A52 aluminum alloy decrease gradually with the increase of aging temperature and time.

摘 要：采用恒温浸泡方法、极化曲线测量、金相和透射电镜技术研究不同时效温度和不同时效时间处理7A52铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。

The results show that intercrystalline corrosion and exfoliation corrosion sensibility of 7A52 aluminum alloy decrease gradually with the increase of aging temperature and time.

采用恒温浸泡方法、极化曲线测量、金相和透射电镜技术研究不同时效温度和不同时效时间处理7A52铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。