板骨

Methods 24 cases with calcaneal fracture received the treatment of open reduction of calcaneus and internal fixation with titanium plates.

目的 研究和评估切开复位治疗跟骨骨折及跟骨钛板在跟骨骨折治疗中的作用。方法对24例跟骨骨折患者行切开复位跟骨钛板内固定。

In this case, we tried to use the alveolar bone splitting technique with the Piezosurgery, and the incison line was put in the alveolar ridge as lingually as possible that the integrity of the cortical plate of the alveolar ridge is reserved in the buccal side. Because the resistance to the mesial movement of the posterior teeth is greatly decreased, the possibility of the root resorption or dehiscence is reduced, and the stability after the orthodontic treatment would be improved while the height and width of the alveolar bone increase.

本病例尝试以超音波骨刀，於缺牙区进行齿槽骨劈开手术，其切线尽可能靠近齿槽之舌侧，以使齿槽上的皮质骨板可完整置於颊侧；这样当后牙向前牵引时，才不会因皮质骨板而阻碍前进及牙根被吸收或裂开，同时也能增加齿槽骨之高度与宽度，亦可使矫正后的牙齿更加稳定。

However, in the stage of remodelling the stressshielding effect of the rigid plate causes severe regional osteoporosis which is a potential cause of refracture of plated bone after the beginning of weight-bearing or after the plate removal.

然而在骨折愈合过程中及后期骨改建阶段，坚硬接骨板强大的应力遮挡作用可诱发严重的局部骨质疏松，它是负重开始后或接骨板取出后固定骨段再骨折的潜在原因。

Methods Use the OS specimen of 57 cases of amputation,saw these specimen into spicula of 1cm thick in vertical direction,and make X-ray photograph of multi-spicula,Draw materials in various plane of epiphyseal plate and cartilage ,observe the invasive condition of OS to epiphyseal plate and cartilage under light microscope.

将38例截肢的OS标本，纵向锯成1cm左右的骨片，作多骨片X-线照片，在不同层面骨骺软骨板和关节软骨处多处取材，光学显微镜观察OS对骨骺软骨板和关节软骨侵犯情况。

objective the purpose of this study was to summarize our experience of the application of internal rigid fixation with miniplate to treatment of mandibular fractures.methods a retrospective analyisis of clinical data of 67 cases,who had experienced the anatomic reduction and rigid fixation by using miniplate.with the help of maxillomandibular distraction pre operation and post operation and temporary maxillomandibular fixation during operation,the fracture bones were smoothly reduced and fixed.results clinical and radiographic examination showed that all cases gained good clinical results and precise anatomic alignment of fracture postoperatively without infection,malocclusion,bone malunion or other complications.conclusion mocortical miniplate fixation of the mandible is a reliable and effective techinique providing rigid fixation and an ideal modality for the treatment of mandibular fractures.combined with maxillomandibular fixation.

对67例下颌骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾总结，所有患者应用小型接骨板行坚固内固定治疗。其中7例颏部骨折，12例颏旁骨折，16例颏孔区骨折，9例体部多发性骨折，5例体部粉碎性骨折；18例合并其他部位骨折。所有患者术前经临床检查和影像学检查明确骨折的位置和骨折线的数目后，分段牙弓夹板结扎、颌间弹性牵引，使移位的骨折段逐渐复位；术中经口内切开复位、细钢丝颌间结扎、小型接骨板坚固内固定；术后行临床检查和影像学复查，必要时颌间弹性牵引7～10 d。结果所有患者手术切口ⅰ期愈合，治疗效果满意；临床检查所有患者牙合关系良好、面部对称；影像学复查证实骨折线对位良好。结论经口内切开小型接骨板坚固内固定辅以颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折效果可靠，术后并发症少，是一种理想的手术方法。

Results In the heated bone ,bone lacunae were empty ,no bone cells existed ,bone lamella was seen ,granular basophilia staining was seen in some parts of the lamella. In bone medulla , no cell existed , thrombosis occurred in some blood ,partial bone lamella disappeared.

结果 整个视野内骨陷窝空虚，无骨细胞存在，骨板尚清晰，部分骨板出现颗粒状嗜碱性染色，骨髓腔内，基本无细胞结构，血管闭塞，哈佛氏系统结构不清，部分区域骨板层状结构消失，呈一片均质的嗜伊红染色。

New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 months old, 3-4 kg weight) were the test animals, and they were divided into three groups proceeding in this study. In group A:One PLLA screw and one commercial screw were implanted in the right tibia. Two PLLA screws were implanted in the left. Furthermore, one PLLA bar was implanted in both right and left tibia respectively with onlay model in group B. Also,one PLLA plate was implanted in the left tibia and one commercial plate in the right respectively with onlay model in group C . Many tests were done on each sample in 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks which included the observation of tissue response in group A, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss, molecular weight, crystallinity and morphology of fracture surface by scanning electronic microscopyin group B, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss and molecular weight in group C.

所使用实验动物为24只3-4个月大，体重3-4公斤的纽西兰兔，并将所使用材料及动物分为A、B、C三组进行。A组中於实验兔之右胫骨植入两支骨钉，一支为自制骨钉，一支为MacroPore市售骨钉，并钻一孔但不植入骨钉做为控制组；另於实验兔之左胫骨植入两支自制骨钉，另标示一区不钻孔不植入骨钉做为控制组。B组采用onlay1 模式於实验兔之左右胫骨各植入一自制长型片。C组也采用onlay模式於实验兔之左胫骨植入一自制骨板，於右胫骨植入一市售骨板，各於不同时间点( 1， 4及12周)将A及C组，而於( 1，4，8及12周)将B组内的植入物取出进行各种测试，包括A组的组织切片观察及B组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化、结晶度变化及扫描式电子显微镜观察断面型态改变及C组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化。

Methods:keep supraspinous ligament,interspinous ligament ,thoracolumbar and the periosteum of lamina.The supraspinous ligament and interspinous ligament was cut off below affected spinal canal.The lamina was cut off longitudinally with a chisel along the outside of lamina,detach ligament flavum bilaterally,and reverse upward lamina and the compound structure of back to open spinal canal.

将部分腰背筋膜、棘上韧带、棘间韧带及椎板上骨膜保留，于病变节段下一椎间隙切断棘上棘间韧带，用骨刀（骨刀宽面与矢状面成角10~15度）在上下关节内侧2mm处自下而上并保持骨刀宽面进入椎板深度与椎板厚度相一致切断两侧椎板，牵开椎板及棘上棘间韧带，常规进行椎管减压，椎板及棘上棘间韧带回植。

The plating system also includes simplified instrument sets for easy use, including standardized drill guides and screwdrivers to save time, and scalloped plate edges that allow screws to be placed outside the plate.

这种骨板系统同时还包括易于操作的简单设备，包括标准钻孔设备以及螺丝刀用以节约时间，有圆齿的骨板边缘使得螺丝钉可以被置于骨板之外。

SEM examination showed that the experimental group has regular spongiest structure,complete bone lacuna structure,partial broken os-teone and visible bone canaliculus, while the sham control group has disorderly structure, broken osrteone, little bone lacuna and total invisibility of bone canaliculus.

结果 X线片示A组右侧股骨头骨密度增高，透光区较小，B组骨密度减低，有大小不等透光区；ECT扫描示A组静态放射性分布中等浓聚，而B组静态图像放射性分布呈炸面包圈样改变，欠均匀；组织学检查显示A组骨空陷窝率、血管数、骨髓腔内脂肪细胞直径较B组明显改善(P＜0.01)；扫描电镜检查显示A组松质骨结构较规则，骨陷窝结构完整，部分骨板断裂，骨小管可见。B组结构紊乱不清，骨板断裂，骨陷窝少，骨小管消失。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。