板梁

The instructive conclusion was: 1 under the vertical loading, the shear-lag effect was produced badly, more severer under concentrated loading than under uniform loading .2 the longitudinal bending deformation of the beam flange was true of the imitating plane assumption of deformation . 3 the width length ratio was confirmed as the first factor working on the shear-lag effect among all the geometric parameters;4 the shear-lag coefficient of simple-supported box-girder was severer than the continuous box-girder, the shear-lag effect in the inner supported section of continuous beam was much more severer, we need paying more attention for it in designing. 5 the non-liner characteristics of material deformation have littlie influence on shear-lag effect in BGCW. 6 the experiential calculating formulation and calculating diagram for the effective flange width was raised with the only factor of the width-span ratio., but the primary location of axis of bending moments should not be changed while calculating the inertial moment .

研究认为：1室内模型试验和空间有限元分析结果均表明波形钢腹板组合箱梁在竖向荷载作用下，翼板出现了典型的纵向应力剪滞效应。2在竖向荷载作用下，截面高度上各点纵向正应变分布认为可符合"拟平截面假定"，以此作为波形钢腹板组合箱梁抗弯计算的基本假定。3箱梁宽跨比是影响波形钢腹板组合箱梁翼板剪滞效应的主要因素。4连续波形钢腹板组合箱梁的翼板剪滞系数大于简支梁，且连续箱梁内支点截面翼板剪滞效应相当严重，对此需十分重视。5当混凝土翼板受力由弹性阶段进入弹塑性阶段时，材料的非线性特性对翼板的剪滞效应影响甚微。6提出了根据组合箱梁的宽跨比参数来计算翼板有效宽度比的经验公式和计算图表，但箱梁截面抗弯惯性矩的计算不应改变原先的截面中和轴位置。

Steel moment-resisting frames with welded beam-to-column connection were traditionally regarded as having excellent performance, and widely adopted in steel constructions, but this opinion changed after the 1994 Northrige earthquake and the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. These earthquakes also arouse engineers to resurvey the behavior of end-plate connections. It is well known that end-plate connections have definite flexibility, which can increase damp, prolong period, and decease swing of structure. So it can reduce the damage, and is one of the best choices for resisting earthquake.

中文题名钢框架梁柱端板连接在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理及抗震设计对策副题名外文题名 Collapse mechanism and design criterion of steel beam-to-column end-plate connections under cyclic load 论文作者郭兵导师顾强学科专业结构工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位西安建筑科技大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数127页关键词钢结构框架结构抗震设计钢框架梁柱端板连接馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TU392 /6 传统观点认为，梁柱焊接刚性连接具有较好的抗震性能，因此在工程中得到了广泛地应用，但1994年的Northrige地震和1995年的阪神地震改变了这种传统观点，这两次地震也引起了工程技术人员对端板连接的再审视。

A Material nonlinear finite element analysis for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow slab that occurs from initial loading, cracking, yielding to failing is carried on. The cracking load, ultimate load, the displacement rules and the principal stress distribution rules of the hollow slab under the vertical loads are obtained. A Material nonlinear finite element analysis for the single span hollow flat-plate floor is also carried on. The function of the concealed wide-flat beams is definite by analyzing the principal stress distribution diagram. The calculating results verify the theoretical analysis and give some important conclusions which are great useful to improve the constructing of the new flat-plate floor.

其次对空心板进行了从加荷、开裂、屈服直至破坏的全过程材料非线性有限元计算，得到了空心板在竖向荷载作用下的开裂荷载、极限荷载及位移和应力分布规律；还对单跨无梁楼盖进行了材料非线性有限元计算，通过分析主应力场明确了柱上暗扁梁的作用；有限元计算的结果验证了以上的理论分析并得到了一些重要的结论，对改进现浇空心板无梁楼盖的构造措施有重要的参考价值。

The results show that, with the same steel consumption, the longitudinal and transverse girder deck scheme is a little better in stiffness, dynamic characteristics and stability than those of the other scheme's. For the dense transverse girder deck scheme, because of no longitudinal beams, the axial forces of the tie beam and the deck slab are higher than those of the other scheme's. The improving rate of the axial force for the deck slab is about 50%. The inside and outside bending moments of the cross beams reduce to below half of the other scheme's. The longitudinal stress of the deck slab is higher on the whole and the traverse stress is less than that of the other scheme's. The maximum traverse stress of the deck slab is below 40% of the other scheme's.

研究结果表明：在材料用量相同时，纵横梁方案桥梁刚度较密布横梁方案的桥梁刚度稍大，桥梁动力特性比后者的优，其稳定性也比后者的强；对于密布横梁方案，由于不设纵梁，系梁和混凝土板承受的纵向力都较纵横梁方案的大，混凝土板增幅达50%左右，横梁面内和面外弯矩则明显减小，都低于纵横梁方案的一半，混凝土板顺桥向应力整体比纵横梁方案的高，而横桥向应力则较低，最大值低于纵横梁方案的40%。

After verification of FEM, 45 species of 15 series are computed. The major parameters including slippage coefficients, pretensions forces, dimensions of angles, arrangement of bolts, connection method among angle, beam web, column flange, and so on are studied. Some important conclusions are drawn.

主要研究了摩擦系数、螺栓预拉力、螺栓线到与柱连接角钢肢背的距离、螺栓直径及级别、梁长、螺栓排列布置、梁高、柱翼缘厚度、角钢厚度、角钢长度、梁腹板只与角钢肢尖相焊接、钢材强度、角钢与梁柱均栓接、角钢与柱焊接与梁栓接、角钢与梁柱均焊接等参数对腹板双角钢梁柱连接滞回性能的影响，得出了一系列重要的结论。

After verification of FEM, 45 species of 15 series are computed. The major parameters including slippage coefficients, pretensions forces, dimensions of angles, arrangement of bolts, connection method among angle, beam web, column flange, and so on are studied. Some important conclusions are drawn.At last, Advices for seismic design based on tests and FEM analysis are presented at last. The study is rather comprehensive and systematic, and the conclusions. can be useful for revising design code, guiding design of engineering, and provide good basis for further to study behavior of shear beam-to-column connections.

主要研究了摩擦系数、螺栓预拉力、螺栓线到与柱连接角钢肢背的距离、螺栓直径及级别、梁长、螺栓排列布置、梁高、柱翼缘厚度、角钢厚度、角钢长度、梁腹板只与角钢肢尖相焊接、钢材强度、角钢与梁柱均栓接、角钢与柱焊接与梁栓接、角钢与梁柱均焊接等参数对腹板双角钢梁柱连接滞回性能的影响，得出了一系列重要的结论。

Firstly,a state-of-the-art survey of hybrid FRP-concrete beam/deck systems is reviewed from the aspects of the main composite forms and their studies.Secondly,three typically analytical methods and three types of optimized failure modes and their corresponding ductility for hybrid FRP-concrete be...

文中首先从主要组合形式及其相关研究等方面回顾了FRP-混凝土组合梁/板系统的国内外研究现状，其次介绍了FRP-混凝土组合梁/板系统的3种常用分析方法和3种优化失效模式及相应的延性特征，接着列出了FRP-混凝土组合梁/板系统在国内外桥梁工程中的具体应用，最后探讨了该组合系统在今后研究中需要解决的一些问题。

Presenting the calculating method of the space displacement model of skewed box girder, whit main ideas of: dispersing the skewed box girder into some skewed beam segments and further dividing those segments into some plate pieces according to their forms; describing the displacement functions in the plane of plate piece by assuming that the space displacements of any point in the joint line between the plate pieces are described by using Hermite interpolation functions and that two displacements in the plane of plate piece are linear in the cross direction; Using Hermite interpolation functions to describe the bending the displacement of the unit length transverse frame cutting longitudinal from the skew box girder segment; Finally, describing the space displacements of a point in the plate pieces by two displacements in the plane of the plate and one bending displacement of plate.

提出了斜交箱形梁空间位移场的计算方法：将斜交箱形梁沿纵向离散为若干斜梁段单元，依据箱梁的构成进一步将斜梁段划分为若干板段子单元；各板段联结线上任意点的位移按Hermite函数插值，假定各板段的面内位移沿其宽度方向线性变化，以描述各板段面内位移；沿斜交箱梁段的纵向截取单位长度横截面框架，框架各杆件空间位移按Hermite函数插值，以描述各板段面外位移；板段内任意点的空间位移最终以2个面内位移和1个面外位移描述。

Only 1,000, 000 vehicle crossings produced significant cracking in the floor beams of the tied arch span and in the plate girders of the approach spans.

仅通过1，000，000辆车就在系杆拱的横梁中以及引桥的板梁中造成明显的开裂。

Owing to the complex construction of continuous girder bridges,which is laboursome and time-consuming,people have been thinking about an approach to combining the advantages of the two so as to speed up the building and reduce the work procedures. Thus the "simply-supported-continuous system" is introduced.

但是由于现浇连续梁的施工复杂繁琐、费工费时，人们一直希望将简支梁的批量预制生产和连续梁的优越性能结合起来，用梁或板批量预制生产的方式来加快连续梁的建设速度，以省去繁琐的支模工序，由此产生了将整跨梁板预制、架设就位后在端部浇筑混凝土并张拉预应力使之连续的&先简支后连续&施工法，而形成的体系则被称为&先简支后连续结构体系&。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。