松果体

Methods ①In situ hybridization was applied to observe the changes ofhypothalamic CRHmRNA positive cells after PX and melatonin supplementation;②Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes of CRH positive cellsin hypothalamus and CRH staining in median eminence of neurohypophysis after PXand melatonin supplementation;③ELISA was applied to detect the changes of CRHconcentration in serum after PX and melatonin supplementation.

①运用CRHmRNA 原位杂交的方法来观察松果体摘除及补充外源性褪黑素后下丘脑室旁核CRHmRNA 阳性细胞的变化；②应用免疫组织化学染色的方法观察松果体摘除及补充外源性褪黑素后下丘脑室旁核CRH 阳性细胞和神经垂体正中隆起CRH 阳性染色的变化；③运用ELISA 法检测松果体摘除及补充褪黑素后血清CRH 浓度的变化。

Results ①Compared to sham group, ISH and IHC of rat hypothalamic CRHshow positive cells numbers increase, positive areas enlarge and average gray scaledecreases, which reveals the expression of hypothalamic CRH neurons enhances afterPX;②The enhancement of ISH and IHC of hypothalamic CRH in PX rats aftermelatonin supplementation dose-dependently recovers, but it can't return to be normaleither in high dose group or in low dose group and either at 4th week or at 8th week;③IHC of CRH in median eminence of neurohypophysis shows positive areas enlargeand average gray scale decreases, which reveals the releasing of CRH fromhypothalamic CRH neurons increases;④ELISA of CRH in serum shows thedifferences of CRH concentrations among all groups are not significant, which indicates PX and melatonin supplementation have no significant effect on CRH levels.

结果： ①松果体摘除后大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化的结果与假手术对照组相比均显示阳性细胞数增多、阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示松果体摘除后下丘脑CRH 神经元的表达增强；②松果体摘除大鼠补充褪黑素后，下丘脑CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化染色增强呈剂量依赖性恢复，不过不论是低剂量组还是高剂量组，也不论是术后4 周还是术后8周，均不能恢复至正常；③松果体摘除后神经垂体正中隆起CRH 免疫组化结果显示阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示下丘脑CRH 神经元释放CRH 增加；④ELISA 法检测血清CRH结果示各组血清CRH 浓度差异没有显著性，表明松果体摘除及补充褪黑素对血清CRH 水平没有显著影响。

Results ①Compared to sham group, ISH and IHC of rat hypothalamic CRHshow positive cells numbers increase, positive areas enlarge and average gray scaledecreases, which reveals the expression of hypothalamic CRH neurons enhances afterPX;②The enhancement of ISH and IHC of hypothalamic CRH in PX rats aftermelatonin supplementation dose-dependently recovers, but it can't return to be normaleither in high dose group or in low dose group and either at 4th week or at 8th week;③IHC of CRH in median eminence of neurohypophysis shows positive areas enlargeand average gray scale decreases, which reveals the releasing of CRH fromhypothalamic CRH neurons increases;④ELISA of CRH in serum shows thedifferences of CRH concentrations among all groups are not significant, whichindicates PX and melatonin supplementation have no significant effect on CRH levels.

结果： ①松果体摘除后大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化的结果与假手术对照组相比均显示阳性细胞数增多、阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示松果体摘除后下丘脑CRH 神经元的表达增强；②松果体摘除大鼠补充褪黑素后，下丘脑CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化染色增强呈剂量依赖性恢复，不过不论是低剂量组还是高剂量组，也不论是术后4 周还是术后8周，均不能恢复至正常；③松果体摘除后神经垂体正中隆起CRH 免疫组化结果显示阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示下丘脑CRH 神经元释放CRH 增加；④ELISA 法检测血清CRH结果示各组血清CRH 浓度差异没有显著性，表明松果体摘除及补充褪黑素对血清CRH 水平没有显著影响。

Methods The pineal capsule of the superficial pineal body of 1.5-month and 12-month old rats was observed under scanning electron microscope.

对1.5月龄和12月龄大鼠松果体浅部，进行松果体囊表面的扫描电镜观察。

The pineal brain sands appearing large or small mulbeny-globules, exist within either central region or peripheral position of pineal body.

松果体脑砂大小不等，常呈桑椹状球形小体；既可存在于松果体的中央区，也可位于松果体的周边部。

The magnetic field is created around the pineal gland, by focusing the mind on the midway point between the pineal gland and the pituitary body.

靠在松果体和脑垂体之间的中点集中意念，松果体周围产生磁场。

Objective To study the morphological and functional effect of pinealectomy on CRH neurons in paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus as well as thefunction of melatonin supplementation, enrich the research of the effect of pinealbody and melatonin on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,provide theoreticalevidence of the effect of pineal body and melatonin on immune function andimmune-associated disease such as tumor and autoimmune disease.

目的： 研究松果体及其褪黑素对大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 神经元形态和功能的影响以及补充褪黑素的作用，丰富松果体及褪黑素对下丘脑——垂体——肾上腺轴影响的形态及功能方面的研究，为进一步揭示松果体及褪黑素对免疫功能以及免疫相关性疾病如肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等的影响机制提供理论依据。

Winter by means of radioimmunology and in situ hybridazation to probe into the modulation mechanisms of kidney responsing to the winter, and observed effects of pinealectomy. The results show that there are seasonal changes in the level of MT in the Pineal body, serum, hyperthalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and the same of the third courier---c-fos and the c-jun mRNA expressions in the hyperthalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis from the Summer to the Winter.

首次通过实验，观察了雄性SD大鼠在生理状态下松果体、血清、下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴褪黑素含量的冬夏变化，下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴第三信使（c-fos和c-jun）mRNA表达的冬夏变化以及摘除松果体对上述各项指标冬夏变化的影响，实验结果表明，松果体、血清、下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴褪黑素含量以及下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴第三信使（c-fos和c-jun）mRNA表达都存在明显的季节性变化。

Methods A total of 45 rats were divided into three groups: control group, 15 rats, which consisted of normal controls; non-pinealectomy; sham operation; bipedal-rat pinealectomy group; a pinealectomy was performed in 20 bipedal rats; quadrupedalrat pinealectomy group: a pinealectomy was performed in 10 quadrupedal rats.

方法同时期出生后刚断乳的小白鼠45只，分成3组：对照组15只，其中包括正常对照组5只；非松果体切除双足鼠组5只：即单纯制作双足鼠，而不行松果体切除术；假手术组5只：即5只双足鼠除不切除松果体外其他与松果体切除术完全一致。

Cribriform epithelial stomata were seen mostly in 1.5-month old rats.

筛状囊上皮孔主要存在于1.5月龄大鼠的松果体囊上皮，是由许多密集排列的囊上皮细胞周边部细胞膜凹陷形成的圆形孔洞，筛孔直径200—500nm；喇叭口状囊上皮孔见于1.5月龄和12月龄大鼠的松果体囊表面，由相邻上皮细胞向松果体内部凹陷，形成圆形或椭圆形开口，孔径1～4脚。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。