条件方程

Based on the theories of rheology, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, petroleum chemistry, crystallography and pipeline technology etc. and sampling Huabei crudes, experimental indexes and programmes are drew out, integrating the oil properties and parameter analysis; in terms of the macro analysis of continuum mechanics, substantial experiments are conducted with HAAKE RS600 rotational rheometer and the rheological equation as well as the viscosity-temperature equation are further developed with tested rhrogramme and viscosity-temperature curve, respectively. Beased on the researches on thixotropic mechanism and thixotropy fluid property, hysteresis loop curve, structure failure and viscosity build-up curve as well as shear stress decrement curve for one type oil are first present in this paper. According to the theoretical researches and testing results, a novel thixotropy equation with τ=τ_∞e~ pattern, which is of hi-accuracy, few parameter and simplicity, is developed. Considering the influence of various parameters on rheological behaviour, depressant adding condition is optimized and experimental evaluation on BEM-5P is conducted, which further unrip its mechanism on the Huabei crude. A corresponding viable pipe transportion programmel is also recommended.

本文基于原油流变学、非牛顿流体力学、石油化学、结晶学、原油管输工艺学等理论，以华北原油为研究对象，结合原油物性及实验影响因素分析，制定出实验研究的评价指标及实验方案；从连续介质力学宏观分析的角度，利用HAAKE RS600高端旋转流变仪开展了大量的室内实验，并运用微观研究方法，测定了油样的流变曲线和粘温曲线，建立了流变方程和粘温方程；通过对触变性机理和触变性流体特征的研究，首次对华北原油测定出滞回环曲线、结构破坏与恢复粘时曲线、剪切应力裂降过程曲线，并在理论研究和实验结果的基础之上，建立了能定量描述含蜡原油剪切应力裂降过程的新型三参数触变模式τ=τ_∞e~b/(t+c，该模型具有精度高、参数少、实验简便且适用性强的特点；通过对含蜡原油流变性的影响因素理论研究，开展了加剂条件优选及BEM-5P降凝剂室内评价实验，进一步揭示了降凝剂对华北原油作用机理，在此基础之上，提出了华北原油管输的可行性方案。

Based on the theories of rheology, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, petroleum chemistry, crystallography and pipeline technology etc. and sampling Huabei crudes, experimental indexes and programmes are drew out, integrating the oil properties and parameter analysis; in terms of the macro analysis of continuum mechanics, substantial experiments are conducted with HAAKE RS600 rotational rheometer and the rheological equation as well as the viscosity-temperature equation are further developed with tested rhrogramme and viscosity-temperature curve, respectively. Beased on the researches on thixotropic mechanism and thixotropy fluid property, hysteresis loop curve, structure failure and viscosity build-up curve as well as shear stress decrement curve for one type oil are first present in this paper. According to the theoretical researches and testing results, a novel thixotropy equationwith τ=τ_∞e~ pattern, which is of hi-accuracy, few parameter and simplicity, is developed.Considering the influence of various parameters on rheological behaviour, depressant adding condition is optimized and experimental evaluation on BEM-5P is conducted, which further unrip its mechanism on the Huabei crude. A corresponding viable pipe transportion programmel is also recommended.

本文基于原油流变学、非牛顿流体力学、石油化学、结晶学、原油管输工艺学等理论，以华北原油为研究对象，结合原油物性及实验影响因素分析，制定出实验研究的评价指标及实验方案；从连续介质力学宏观分析的角度，利用HAAKE RS600高端旋转流变仪开展了大量的室内实验，并运用微观研究方法，测定了油样的流变曲线和粘温曲线，建立了流变方程和粘温方程；通过对触变性机理和触变性流体特征的研究，首次对华北原油测定出滞回环曲线、结构破坏与恢复粘时曲线、剪切应力裂降过程曲线，并在理论研究和实验结果的基础之上，建立了能定量描述含蜡原油剪切应力裂降过程的新型三参数触变模式τ=τ_∞e~b/(t+c，该模型具有精度高、参数少、实验简便且适用性强的特点；通过对含蜡原油流变性的影响因素理论研究，开展了加剂条件优选及BEM-5P降凝剂室内评价实验，进一步揭示了降凝剂对华北原油作用机理，在此基础之上，提出了华北原油管输的可行性方案。

Considering the characters of the viscoidal turbulent flow over high-speed train,the computing model of the outer fiow field for high-speed train has beenestablished based on the incompressible fluid Navier-StOkes epuation and theturbulent model of ke two equations. The equation set of the flow field problemvia finite element methods has been set up.

根据高速列车粘性紊态绕流的特点，在较少简化的条件下以Navier-Stokes方程和κ-ε两方程紊流模型为基础，建立了高速列车外流场的计算模型，在近壁区域采用壁面函数修正紊流模型。

In chapter 2, By combining the theory of exponential dichotomies of linear system and the method of functional analysis, some sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence and uniqueness of periodic solution of the systems are obtained.

第四章，考虑具有无穷时滞的非线性积分微分方程概周期解的存在性和唯一性问题，利用矩阵测度和不动点方法获得了一类方程的概周期解的存在性与唯一性的充分条件。

By using the boundary conditions of the statically indeterminate shaft with three fulcrums,the deflection curve square of the shaft is got;By utilizing the energy method to improve the calculation formula, the accurate first order critical speed of the statically indeterminate shaft with three fulcrums is obtained quickly.

通过满足三支点静不定轴的边界条件来求解基本方程，得到多跨静不定轴的挠曲线方程，并应用能量法改进了计算公式，快速准确地求得三支点静不定轴的一阶临界转速。

In the second part of of this thesis, we firstly derivate the operation condition of intracavity SHG of dualwavelength laser from the rate equation, and then numerically calculate the relationship between the laser operation parpmeters and the pumping powers. And then we discuss two possible ways to get balancing outputs of the harmonic waves of the two wavelengths. By comparing the two ways, we find that the method by increasing the geometrical factor of 1079. 5nm SHG has the higher efficiency than the method by adding the additional loss of 1079. 5nm basic wave. Besides, the first method is easier to realize in experiment than the second method.

本论文第二部分从速率方程出发，通过求解速率方程的稳态解得到了Nd：YAP腔内倍频双波长激光的连续运转条件，数值计算得到了随泵浦功率变化的激光运转情况；计算、分析了通过增加主波长的倍频耦合几何因子和增加主波长的腔内损耗两种方法获得均衡的双波长倍频输出的运转情况，通过二者的比较，发现增加倍频耦合几何因子的方法比增加损耗的方法效率更高，而且在实验上更易于实现。

Stirring characteristic of metal bath in the DC arc furnace with different bath parameters was studied by combining Maxwell's equations with Navier-Stokes equations.

通过将直流条件下的Maxwell方程和Navier－Stokes方程相结合，研究了熔池参数变化对炉内熔体搅拌产生的影响。

In order to investigate the corrosion of power plant chimney by the condensed sulfuric acid from the flue gas,corrosion of C30 concrete exposed to 15% sulfuric acid solution at 80℃ was studied.

研究了电站烟囱C30混凝土在80℃、质量分数为15%硫酸溶液浸泡条件下的腐蚀规律，根据Fick扩散方程和反应速率方程，提出一个简化的移动边界腐蚀模型。

By using the cone theory and the coupling upper and lower solution method, it is studied the existence uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear binary operator equations without monotone and continuity and compactness conditionsin Banach spaces.

利用锥和耦合上下解方法，研究Banach空间不具有单调性、连续性和紧性条件的非线性二元算子方程解的存在唯一性，并给出了迭代序列收敛於解的误差估计，所得结果改进和推广了混合单调算子方程的某些已知相应结果。

By using the cone theory and the coupling upper and lower solution method,it is studied the existence uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear binary operator equations without monotone and continuity and compactness conditionsin Banach spaces.

利用锥和耦合上下解方法，研究Banach空间不具有单调性、连续性和紧性条件的非线性二元算子方程解的存在唯一性，并给出了迭代序列收敛于解的误差估计，所得结果改进和推广了混合单调算子方程的某些已知相应结果。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。