条件命题

There are three aspects:(1) logical analysis is the base and factors of building logical atomism;(2)proposition system of expressing scientific knowledge——atomic proposition, molecularproposition, and generalized proposition;(3) picture theory of prepositional meaning is the core of logical atomism.

主要有三个方面：(1)逻辑分析是逻辑原子主义建立的基础和条件；(2)表达科学知识的命题系统——原子命题、分子命题和概括命题；(3)命题意义的图像论是逻辑原子主义的核心内容。

"In logic, a relation that holds between two propositions when they are linked as antecedent and consequent of a true conditional proposition."

在逻辑中，指两个命题被归为真实条件命题的前因与后果时二者之间的关系。

Based upon RMTong's thought of regarding fuzzy model as the set of fuzzy conditional proposition by converting the accurate value into a fuzzy one, the structure of a fuzzy system formed by alloy element adding amount and material characteristic norm is determined, and then the fuzzy model of the system is built.

根据RMTong把模糊模型看作是模糊条件命题的集合这一基本思想，通过精确量的模糊化，确定了合金元素加入量与材料性能指标组成的模糊系统的结构，建立了该系统的模糊模型，为研究合金加入量对材料性能的影响提供了一种普遍意义下的新方法

Note that when p is true and q is flase, the original conditional statement is false.,but the converse and the inverse are both true.

在一个条件语言里我们了解到了两个等价的命题，等价命题就是在命题变元任何指派下具有相同的真值。

Physics concepts, theorems as well as principles are primary content of physics learning, those knowledge take on the forms by proposition . In chapter 3, the study revealed that physics proposition are mainly obtained by reasoning (inductive reasoning such as tallying method, differentiation method and covariant method, deductive reasoning such as negative expression of hypothetical inference, affirmative expression of hypothetical inference ).Then by the means of experiment, the different condition needed when applying those reasoning was explored.

由于定义性概念、定理和定律等命题知识是物理教学的主要内容，所以在第三章中首先通过研究，表明物理命题主要是运用推理策略获得的(归纳推理策略中的求同策略、差异策略和共变策略，演绎推理策略)；然后通过实验等方法研究使用策略需要的条件；最后依据前面的研究提出适合物理命题学习的任务分析方法。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了"可持续发展"概念的由来与演变，对国内外"可持续发展"的研究现状进行了述评，并对"可持续发展"概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

Prepositional logic: also known as prepositional calculus or sentential calculus, is the study of the truth conditions for propositions: how the truth of a composite proposition is determined by the truth value of its constituent propositions and the connections between them.

命题逻辑：也叫命题演算或句子演算，研究命题的真值条件：复合命题真值是如何由成分命题真值及成分命题之间的关系决定的。

Prepositional logic 命题逻辑:---- also known as prepositional calculus or sentential calculus,is the study of the truth conditions for propositions:how the truth of a composite propositions and the connection between them.

也叫命题演算或句子演算，研究命题的真值条件复合命题真值是如何由成分命题真值及成分命题之间的关系决定的。

The results indicated that:(1) There was a distinct difference in the same syllogistic inference(MP、DA、AC、MT)of three concrete propositions and in every concrete proposition s four syllogistic inferences(MP、DA、AC、MT).

结果表明：(1)对同一年级而言，不同内容的条件命题的相同推理(MP、MT、DA、AC)之间表现出显著的差异；对不同年级而言，相同内容的条件命题的四种推理之间也存在显著的差异。

But in the condition when the first project is characters and the end project is pictures , the reaction time is faster when the end project is also characters , along with that the transformation speed of imagery presentation is faster than that of proposition presentation, the reason may be that imagery presentation can stimulate proposition presentation automatically, the transformation is self-moving processing and independent from will, but it is not self-motive but controlled processing and will needs when the proposition presentation transforms into imagery presentation.

但在首项目是字的时候，尾项目是图的条件下被试反应时快于尾项目是字的条件下，又表明图像表征比命题表征的转换速度快，原因可能是由于图像表征能够自动激活命题表征，其转化是自动加工的、几乎不信赖于意志努力的，而命题表征转化为图像表征却不是自动的，而是控制加工的、需要意志努力的过程。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失