条件分布

The main conclusions of this chapter are the following: There is no absolute regional convergence since 1978, even the period were divided into two stage: 1978-1991 and 1992-2002; There exists absolute convergence among the provinces in eastern region in the period 1978-1991, the phenomena is alike to the central and western regions, so the club convergence is the fact of the regional economic growth in this stage; From 1992 to 2002, instead of the club convergence, there exists conditional convergence, human capital, capital investment, international trade and FDI influenced the regional economic growth rate markedly; The distribution of income across provinces don't transform from a unimodal into a bimodal distribution.

本章的基本结论是：改革开放以来不存在绝对收敛，即使将整个改革时期划分为1978—1991年和1992—2002年两个区间也是如此；1978—1991年期间，东部地区和中西部地区内部各自存在人均GDP和劳均GDP增长的收敛，从而形成了俱乐部收敛；1992年之后，并不存在俱乐部收敛，但存在一定的条件收敛，人力资本、物质资本投资、国际贸易和FDI对劳均GDP增长有着重要的正向影响；收入分布并没有发生由单峰向双峰分布的转变，总体上单峰的态势依然十分明显。

Based on the analytical theory of aeolotropy,thermal distortion and temperature field distributions of Nd∶YVO4 crystal with rectangular section were investigated when the third thermal boundary condition was considerated.

以各向异性半解析热分析理论为基础，研究矩形横截面Nd∶YVO4激光晶体在有第三类热边界条件工作时，激光晶体温度场分布和晶体抽运面热形变分布。

The tension stress distribution of the aerostat envelope under windless condition is obtained using the FE model, and critical regions with high stress are pointed out. The calculated value of tethering force fits well with the theoretical one. The results are instructive for the safety evaluation and design of aerostat structures.

应用此技术建立了无风载条件下浮空器囊体张应力分布的有限元分析模型，给出了囊体的张应力分布情况并指出危险应力区域，对系留力的计算值与理论值吻合较好，计算结果对浮空器结构安全评估及设计具有一定的理论指导意义。

From energy balance equation, using micro-piece analytical method, heat balance equation for high power fast axial flow CO〓 laser tube is established with the boundary conditions of actual fast axial CO〓 laser, the analyzed solution of the temperature distribution in the laser tube is obtained.

并应用热传导的物理边界条件，求出了热能平衡方程的解析解，得到了实际器件放电管横截面内的气体温度分布公式及温度分布曲线，并求得了激光功率变化对热致负透镜焦距的影响关系式。

For general engineering problems, the analytical transformation rules are sufficiently accurate to design the similar cascade profile, but further improvement of the precision is limited by the one-dimensional assumption of the transformation, therefore an inverse blade design method—influence matrix method, based upon the surface vorticity model, is developed to improve the precision effectively.

进一步讨论了在具有相同表面压力系数分布的情形下，进口马赫数对附面层发展的影响，发现在一定条件下，只要表面压力系数的分布相似，则叶面附面层发展情况及无量纲气动力参数也将存在相同精度的相似，这一结论使我们在进行相似流场模拟的模型设计中，得以只进行无粘流场之间的相似变换，从而大大减少相似模型设计的工作量和复杂性。

Applied overlay principle discloses intention at the complex load of break of grease wall of a well for individual and simple load, through set and time relevant aeriform pressure distributings function, rupture according to flexibility of stretch and mechanical, line condition of tie of stress of the upland after perforation of well of grease of mechanical and academic derivation plays factor of intensity of interstitial and most advanced stress, got deflagrating patulous condition is cracked since terrane of aeriform fracture wall of a well, the aeriform pressure gradient that this condition can follow time change inside reflective break is right the influence of interstitial configuration.

应用叠加原理将功能于油水井壁裂缝的复杂载荷分解为单个简单载荷，通过设定和时间相关的气体压力分布函数，根据弹性力学、线弹性断裂力学理论推导油水井射孔后高地应力约束条件下裂缝尖端应力强度因子，得到了爆燃气体压裂井壁岩层起裂扩展条件，该条件可以反映裂缝内随时间变化的气体压力梯度对裂缝形态的影响。

In this paper,based on determination of initial and boundary condition,implicit difference method was used to present difference equations in order to simulate soil water movement of one-dimensional ponded water infiltration,redistribution and evaporation mathematically.

而数值法则可采用不同的初始和边界条件，实现复杂条件下水分运动过程的预测，从而给出相应条件下水分运动的分布规律[1，2]。

A software for aided designing bolt of tunnel named ANSYSBOLT was designed on the basis of ANSYS finite element software. In the software environment, bolt supporting model of physical tunnel in tectonic stress field was structured according to physical parameters of coal and rock seam of some working face, and in conditions of different buried depth, bolt supporting structure and pre-tightening force, distributions of stress of surrounding rock of physical tunnel and its displacement were analyzed and calculated by ANSYSBOLT software. Then influence of different buried depth, bolt supporting structure and pre-tightening force on stability of roof and floor of tunnel was analyzed and finally feasible scheme of bolt supporting was gotten according to the analysis result.

在ANSYS大型有限元软件基础上开发了巷道锚杆辅助设计软件ANSYSBOLT；在该软件环境下，根据某工作面煤岩层的物理参数，建立了构造应力场条件下的实体巷道锚杆支护模型，并按照不同的埋藏深度、锚杆支护结构和预紧力条件，经软件分析计算，得出了实体巷道围岩应力及位移分布情况，进而分析了不同埋藏深度、锚杆支护和预紧力条件对巷道顶底板稳定性的影响，最终根据分析结果得出了可行的锚杆支护方案。

Because of the complexity of the condition of groundwater dynamic force, aiming at the specific hydrologic geology condition, dynamic force condition, the pollutant migration instance of groundwater, establishing reasonable groundwater solute migration model, using computer languages, numerical simulating and visualizing the distributing State, is a cheap and effective method for predicting and preventing groundwater pollution.

由于地下水动力条件的复杂性，针对地下水特定的水文地质条件、水动力条件、污染物质运移情况，建立合理的地下水溶质运移模型，利用计算机语言，数值模拟并可视化地下水污染溶质的实时分布状态，是预测、防治地下水污染的廉价而又行之有效的方法。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。