条件

Firstly, the soil samples are gathered from the same section such as surface layer soil samples gathered from 0cm to 15cm depth and representation on studied object. Secondly, the precondition of tested samples must be the same. This study indicates that the tested samples must be 1mm diameter, over-dried at 40℃ for 24h and airtight cooling for 24h before measured for air-dry samples, and softly planish the surface at measuring. Lastly, the illuminating condition of light must be the same. This study indicates that the testing geometric condition are light source angle 15°, light source distance 30cm and sensor distance 15cm for soil hyperspectra indoor. The surface of white reference must be the same plane of that of sample.

第一个环节的"相同"是指田间土壤样品采集时的剖面位置一致，如表层土都采集0～15cm深度范围内的土壤，且所采集的样品应能尽量具备研究对象的代表性；第二个环节的"相同"是指土壤制备过程中的一些前处理条件应一致，建议土壤光谱测试样品的粒径1mm，风干土壤样品测试前在40℃恒温条件下烘24小时，然后密闭冷却24小时，测试时土壤表面进行稍稍压平处理；第三个环节的"相同"是保证测试光照条件的一致性，建议在50W卤素灯、8°探头角条件下，采用15°的光源照角度、30cm的光源距离和15cm作为室内士壤高光谱测试几何条件，测试时除遵循光谱测试指南的要求外，还须保证参考板表面与测试土壤样品的表面在同一平面上。

Theequivalence percolation resistance law is accurate enough to be used in productivitycalculation of horizontal well pattern.(3) Productivity of mixed well pattern of horizontalwell or multilateral horizontal well and vertical well is constructed and formulae are simpleenough to be used in the oilfield. The patterns include 5-spot pattern,7-spot pattern and9-spot pattern.(4) Productivity formula of united rectangular well pattern of horizontaland vertical wells is constructed. By this formula, the calculation results show that fora horizontal well length, there is a shape factor at which the productivity of the patternis biggest. So optimum method of the well pattern is proposed.(5) A new concept ofdimensionless length of horizontal well is advanced and the relationship of optimum shapefactor of the rectangular well pattern against dimensionless length of horizontal well ispresented. The influences of length of the horizontal well, area of the well pattern unitand the thickness of reservior are concerned.

利用该公式计算表明：当水平井长度一定时，存在一个最优井网形状，使得水平井的产能最大，在此基础上提出了水平井井网的优化方法；(5)提出了水平井无因次长度的概念，给出了联合井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系式，并对水平井长度、油层厚度及井网面积对产能的影响进行了分析；(6)推导出了一无限水平井井排在XY 平面内势的解析解，为不同水平井整体开发井网或水平井和直井井网整体开发渗流理论的研究奠定了理论基础；(7)建立了交错式水平井与直井整体开发渗流理论，给出了拟三维条件下井网产能的精确解析解及该井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，并对产能的影响因素进行了分析；(8)建立了水平井与水平井正排列井网、交错排列井网条件下渗流理论及井网产能在拟三维条件下的精确解析解，给出了交错井网条件下最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，通过与正方形井网对比，说明优化井网可大幅度提高开采效果；(9)建立了分支水平井和直井面积井网水油两相非活塞驱替条件下渗流问题的解析解，给出了见水前后无因次产量与无因次时间的关系式以及见水时间等。

Tenderness of rabbit meat declined after slaughter, then it increased slowly. Different temperature treatment affected tender process significantly after rigor mortis (P.05): Aging rates of rabbit meat on moderate(15℃) or high(25℃) temperature condition were higher than that of low(4℃)temperature condition, but the latter had better meat quality after a slowly acid excluding period. Chilled meat (4℃) had the longest shelf life (6 days), compared with 15℃ for 3 days and 25℃ for only one day.

而低温贮藏兔肉(4℃)条件下，兔肉颜色维持的时间比较长久，同时低温也抑制了兔肉的氧化作用，TBARS值较小；宰后兔肉的嫩度呈开始下降，随后逐渐上升的趋势，不同的温度处理，对于兔肉僵直后的嫩化作用影响显著(P.05)；中温(15℃)和高温(25℃)贮藏条件下的兔肉成熟速度快，低温(4℃)贮藏兔肉经历缓慢排酸后，品质好；在4℃条件下的兔肉即冷却肉货架期比较长，可以保存6d，15℃条件下3d，而25℃条件下只能保存1d。

Pereme , separately are 209%,295%,285%; the increasing of accumulating amount separately are 209%,295%,285%; The use of silicon has a tread to rise dry weight of Bermudagrass ,Agrostis Lolium. Pereme ; Under the drought condition , the use of silicon suppressed the reducing of the relative water content of leaf in turfgrass , delaying the time of wither , stress for the 11th day in the drought .compared with water normally and not using silicon ,after use silicon, the RWC of Bermudagrass , Agrostis Lolium. Pereme only separately depressed 14%,16%,32%; Under the drought condition ,the use of silicon can increased the content of proline of Bermudagrass ,Agrostis Lolium. Pereme, stress for the 11th day in the drought and using silicon , compared with water normally and ueing silicon, the content of Pro separately increased 203%,199%,473%;The using of silicon depressing the ET of Bermudagrass and Lolium. Pereme.Under water normally condition, separately depressed 21%,8% at eleven days ;Under drought condition , separately depressed 17%,5%.

施硅增加了草坪草狗牙根、剪股颖和黑麦草的含硅量，分别为209％、295％、285％；积累量分别提高了240％、364％、355％；施硅对草坪草狗牙根、剪股颖和黑麦草的干物质积累有促进趋势；在干旱的条件下，施硅抑制了草坪草的叶相对含水量的降低，延迟了叶片萎焉的时间，在干旱胁华中农业大学2001级时一艳丽硕士学位论文迫第n天，与正CK相比，施硅后狗牙根、剪股颖和黑麦草分别只降低了 14%；16%，32%。；施硅增加了狗牙根、剪股颖、黑麦草在干旱条件下脯氨酸的含量，增强了渗透调节能力，在干旱施硅的条件下，与正51相比，在干旱胁迫第11天，狗牙根、剪股颖和黑麦草脯氨酸的含量分别增加了2叨%、199%、473%；施硅减少了狗牙根和黑麦草的蒸散量在正常浇水的条件下，与正CK相比，第11天狗牙根和黑麦草的蒸散量分别降低了21%、吕%；在干旱的条件下，与干CK相比，在干旱胁迫的第11天，狗牙根和黑麦草的蒸散量分别降低了17%、5%。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了&可持续发展&概念的由来与演变，对国内外&可持续发展&的研究现状进行了述评，并对&可持续发展&概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

The dissertation includes:◆General research of canonic VSC The contents are following: the cause and eliminating approach of chattering; Invariance property; the relation between VSC and high-gain linear feedback control.

讨论了产生不变性的条件；揭示了VSC与大增益线性反馈控制的等价关系；提出了用切换面邻域内的稳定性来分析抖动起因的方法。◆研究了不确定系统的VSC设计分别针对满足匹配条件但集总不确定部分上界不确知、不满足匹配条件但满足广义匹配条件、不满足广义匹配条件等情况，研究了其VSC设计问题。

To be different from the already chloromethylation catalyst, it has a certain amount of moisture wet, which will not produce huge amounts of doughtic cancerogenic chloromethyl methyl ether during and after the reaction.4,4\'-bisbiphenyl, 1,4-bisbenzene, 1,4-bis(chloro- methyl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene, 1,5-bis-2,4-dimethylbenzene, 4-(chlor- omethyl)-1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-bis-4,5-dimethylbenzene, 5,8-bis-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 3,3\',5-tris-4,4\'-bisbiphenyl and 3,3\', 5,5\'-tetrakis-4,4\'-bisbiphenyl were synth- esized by using this new catalyst. Results indicated that when the reaction temperature was 55～60℃, the reaction time was 12h, the catalyst which consists of the concentration of 80%H_2SO_4, HAc and Lewis acid, the amount of Lewis acid 0.15 mol(nLewis:nbiphenyl=1.5:1), yield of biphenyl chloromethylation product 4,4\'-bis(chrolomethylbiphenyl can reach a maximum 85%.

采用这种催化体系完成了4，4′-二氯甲基联苯、对二氯甲基苯、1，4-二氯甲基-2，5-二甲基苯、1，5-二氯甲基-2，4-二甲基苯、4-氯甲基-1，2-二甲基苯、1，2-二氯甲基-4，5-二甲基苯、5，8-二氯甲基-四氢萘、3，3'，5-三氯甲基-4，4'-二甲基苯和3，3'，5，5'-四氯甲基-4，4'-二甲基苯的合成，结果表明：在反应条件为：反应温度55～60℃，反应时间12h，选择80%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.15mol(和原料比为1.5：1)，反应效果最好，联苯氯甲基化产物(4，4′-二氯甲基联苯)收率为85%；在反应条件为：反应温度70℃，反应时间8h，80%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，苯的氯甲基化产物收(来源：ABd0C论文eded网www.abclunwen.com)率为75%；在反应条件为：在反应条件为：反应温度40℃，反应时间10h，60%H_2SO_4和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，对二甲苯氯甲基化产物(1，4-二氯甲基-2，5-二甲基苯)收率为78.5%；在反应条件为：反应温度35℃，反应时间10h，60%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，间二甲苯氯甲基化产物(1，5-二氯甲基-2，4-二甲基苯)收率为81.5%。

Part four, the author gives some advice of perfecting the system of Chinese Counterclaim, which is the important part in the paper .In this part, the author introduces the system of counterclaim in other countries and makes comparison with Chinese counterclaim. On the basis of comparison, the author concludes that we should absorb the advantages of the two law system and perfect Chinese counterclaim from four aspects. That is to say prefect the premise for accusation, divide the compellent counterclaim and discretionary counterclaim, the instance for counter-counterclaim, the trial of claim and counterclaim and so on.

在这一部分，在涉及到反诉的相关制度时，笔者首先对英美法系和大陆法系的有关规定做以简要介绍，然后再与我国的有关规定进行对比，从中寻找可以为我国可以借鉴、吸收的相关理论和制度，并进而提出对我国反诉制度进行完善的具体构想，笔者主张从完善反诉提起的条件，对反诉的种类进行强制性反诉和任意性反诉的区分、界定提起再反诉的具体情况、反诉的审理四个大的方面来进行重构，而对于反诉提起的条件又从实质条件、程序条件和法定条件三个方面进行了详细的论述。

We found evidence for interference (i. e., longer response latencies and more errors) for both form-related (orthographically similar to the true translation) and meaning-related (similar in meaning to the true translation) words relative to unrelated control words.

结果发现，在语义干扰条件和正字法干扰条件下，被试无论在反应时还是错误率上，都大大差于无关控制条件：熟练双语者，语义干扰条件下的反应要显著慢于正字法干扰条件。

Bioassay results revealed: compared with alcohol control, extracts at parameter 1, 4, 7 stimulated the absolute germination rate and potential, radicle growth, plumular axis growth, fresh weight, dry weight at different levels; extracts at parameter 2, 3 stimulated the all germination index except radicle growth and axis growth; extracts at parameter 6 stimulated all but radicle growth and fresh weight; extract at parameter 8 stimulated only the germination potential.

生物检测结果显示，与酒精对照相比：萃取参数1、4和7等条件苦楝叶提取物对杉木种子绝对发芽率、绝对发芽势、胚根长、胚轴长、鲜重和干重等发芽指标均表现出不同程度的促进作用，萃取参数2和3等条件苦楝叶提取对除胚根和胚轴外的各发芽指标起促进作用，萃取参数5条件苦楝叶提取物对除鲜重和干重外的各发芽指标起促进作用，萃取参数6条件苦楝叶提取物对除胚根和鲜重外的各发芽指标起促进作用，而萃取参数8条件苦楝叶提取物仅对绝对发芽势起促进作用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。