材料

Tungsten –Copper alloy is the composite of Tungsten and Copper which own the excellent performances of Tungsten and Copper, such as heat-resistant, ablate-resistant, high-intensity,high-density, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. It is easy to be machined. It is used widely in such industries as engine, electric power, electron, metallurgy, spaceflight and avigation.

钨铜材料是钨和铜的一种合金，综合了钨和铜的优点，耐高温、耐电弧烧蚀、强度高、比重大、导电、导热性好，易于切削加工，并具有发汗冷却特性，作为真空触头材料、电极材料、电子封装材料以及火箭、导弹特殊用途材料等广泛应用于机械、电力、电子、冶金、航空航天等工业。

The germination, expansion and reciprocity of the crack inside the material embody on the crystal bound of the material. So, in this study we can change the bourgeon and extend condition of the tiny crack inside the material by design and control the crystal interface structure effectively and provide new research approach for the design and manufacture of the machinability ceramic.

由于材料的破坏和加工都决定于材料内部微裂纹生成的难易程度和扩展程度，而材料内部裂纹的萌发、扩展和相互作用集中表现在材料的晶界和相界面上；因此，本研究通过有效的设计和控制界面结构，改变材料内部微裂纹的萌生和扩展条件，为可加工陶瓷的设计和制备提供新的研究途径。

Inorganic chemistry, Organic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Physical chemistry, Materials introduction, Research method and characterization technique of materials, Physical chemistry of inorganic nonmetallic materials, Solid state physics, Petrography of silicate materials, Inorganic nonmetallic materials science, Thermotechnical element and instrument, Electrical materials, Jewel and bowlder, etc.

无机化学、有机化学、分析化学、物理化学、材料导论、材料的研究方法及测试技术、无机材料物理化学，固体物理、硅酸盐岩相学、无机非金属材料学、热工基础与设备、电子材料、宝玉石学等。

In this thesis, the oxygen sensitive materials and glucose sensitive materials had been developed by thermo-polymerization method including carrier covalence method and carrier covalence-cross linking method, and the properties had been investigated using the detection experiment of oxygen and spectrophotometer, at the mean time, the applications of oxygen sensitive materials in fiber optical gaseous oxygen sensor and fiber optical dissolved oxygen sensor, and that of biology sensitive materials in fiber optical dextrose sensor had been studied in this paper.

本论文采用热聚法(包括载体共价法和载体共价-交联法)制备氧敏感材料以及在此基础上制备了对葡萄糖敏感的敏感材料，利用氧测试实验或分光光度计对氧敏感材料进行性能评价，研究氧敏感材料在光纤气态氧传感器和光纤溶解氧传感器中的应用以及氧敏感材料在光纤葡萄糖传感器中的应用。

The prior cycles with higher axial stress and larger strain range greatly restrains ratchetting strain of subsequent cycling with lower ones. Creep behavior plays an important role in the ratchetting strain and its influence on ratchetting behavior can not be neglected. Fracture morphology characteristics of two kinds of materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope. It shows that failure of material A is induced by cavitation and that of material B is induced by decohesion. For material A, with the decreasing strain amplitude the fracture surface shows more larger diameter globular particles under uniaxial loading and can be seen more obvious and deep crack under multiaxial loading. However for material B, with the decreasing strain amplitude fracture surface shows larger and larger scalelike shape and becomes more smooth under uniaxial loading, but fracture surface under multiaxial loading looks like more smooth than that of uniaxial loading, and shows gradually wave-like morphology.

通过扫描电子显微镜研究表明：材料A为空穴引起的失效，材料B为剥离导致疲劳破坏；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料A在单轴载荷下，断口表面浮出更多更大直径的球状颗粒，而多轴载荷下，可以看到很深的裂纹；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料B在单轴载荷下，断口表面鱼鳞片越来越大，表面越来越平整，而多轴载荷与单轴载荷相比，断口表面看上去更加平整，并且随着载荷幅值的减小，断口逐渐呈现波浪形貌；通过微观的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析，结果表明随着应变幅值的增加，无论载荷是单轴还是多轴状态下，橡胶材料吸光度比值随着幅值的增加而增加，这说明体系中的结晶含量也随之增加。

The matrix composites for diamond tools were tested with such modern testing instruments and equipments as DTA-7 differential thermal analyzer, JCXA-733 electronic probe and scanning electron microscope, JEM 2000 FX Ⅱ transmission electron microscope, eXL energy spectrometer, and humidity test instrument. The analysis, comparison, and induction of the testing results prove the enhancing effects of the rare earth on the matrix composites: degeneration, micro-alloying, purification, and catalytic activation. The comprehensive function of these effects leads to the decrease in the porosity of the matrix composites and to the increase in such actual indexes as the flexural strength, hardness, and impact ductility of the whole rare earth Fe-based diamond tool materials.

由DTA-7型差热分析仪、JCXA-733型电子探针及扫描电镜、JEM2000FXⅡ型透射电镜、eXL能谱仪以及莱茨2AP高温显微镜材料润湿性测试仪等现代测试仪器设备对金刚石工具材料进行了测试实验，对测试实验的结果进行了分析、比较和归纳，证实了稀土对胎体材料具有变性、微合金化、纯化和催化活化等四大强化作用机理，这些机理的综合作用导致了胎体材料孔隙率的降低和整个稀土Fe基金刚石工具材料抗弯强度、硬度及冲击韧性等实际使用性能的上升。

This invention discloses a preparation method for anti-corrosion rare earth magnet material characterizing that it takes the optimized grain-boundary phase design as the starting point on the basis of a dual alloy method to select Nd base alloy with high crystal forming ability as the assist alloy and reduces the temperature of the press mold blank in a quartz container to room temperature from over grain-boundary phase melting point with the water extraction way to get enough cooling rate and guarantee the non-grain-boundary phase, compared with the material of the same composition prepared by ordinary method, the weightlessness of this invented material reduces over 30% after testing the weightlessness of the material by laying it for 96 hours under 121deg.C, 2 atmosphere and 100% humid environment to show the advanced performance of anti-corrosion.

本发明公开了一种耐腐蚀稀土永磁材料的制备方法，其特征是它在双合金法制备工艺的基础上，以优化晶界相设计为出发点，选取具有较高非晶形成能力的Nd基合金为辅合金，并在烧结回火时将置于耐高温石英容器中的压型坯件，从晶界相熔点以上以水淬冷却的方式降温至室温，以达到足够的冷却速率，确保得到非晶晶界相，根据本发明制得的耐腐蚀稀土永磁材料，通过测量在121℃、2个大气压以及100％湿度环境下放置96小时后材料的失重情况，结果显示本发明得到的材料与常规方法制备的相同成分的稀土永磁材料相比失重减少了30％以上，充分证明其具备了更优越的耐腐蚀性能。可广泛应用于电子、汽车、计算机、电力、机械、能源、环保、国防、医疗器械等领域。

It has been demonstrated that this kind of materials are applicable in a wide range fields, such as nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption and emission materials, electron-transporting and emissive materials in organic light-emitting devices as well as chemisensors.

这类材料已经显示出非常广阔的潜在应用前景，可以用作非线性光学材料、双光子吸收和发光材料、有机电致发光器件中的电子传输材料和发光材料以及化学传感器等。

It has been demonstrated that this kind of materials are applicable in a wide range fields, such as nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption and emission materials, electron-transporting and emissive materials in organic light-emitting devices as well as chemosensors.

这类材料已经显示出非常广阔的潜在应用前景，可以用作非线性光学材料、双光子吸收和发光材料、有机电致发光器件中的电子传输材料和发光材料以及化学传感器等。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。