材料

The conductivity type (defining the nature of the majority carriers) and resistivity are found at the seed, middle and tang end of the rod; the type is determined in accordance with ASTM F42-02 ("Test Methods for Conductivity type of Extrinsic Semiconducting Materials"), and resistivity is determined in accordance with ASTM F397-02("TestMethods for Resistivity of Silicon Bars Using a Two-Point Probe").

导电率类型和抵抗力在竿的种子、中央和强烈的味道结束被发现；类型符合美国材料试验学会 F42-02("非固有半导体的材料导电率类型的测试方法")被决定，而且抵抗力符合美国材料试验学会 F397-02("矽的抵抗力的测试方法酒吧使用一个二点的探针")被决定。

According to the experiment results of degradation in field, degradation mechanism of the biodegradable mulch film can include four stages: the first, the material surface appeared deficiency while the surface area and interstice increased of material in the action of natural environment and microorganism; the second, along with the surface area and interstice of material increased and the gap strengthened, the chemical chain of the high polymer's principal chain broke as a result of the hydrolysis or the enzymatic effect in the action of hydration, causing the molecular weight and mechanics function descended; the third, the molecular of high polymer split the low polymer after its physical mechanical function descended, the material decomposed the fragments, the mass defect intensified; the fourth, the low polymer of fragments form in the natural environment, the microorganism, the biological enzyme became the smaller fragments, thus absorbed by the phagocytes, or further turn into CO2 and H2O due to hydrolysis.

根据田间降解试验结果推测，生物全降解地膜的降解机理可能包括四个阶段：第一，在自然环境、微生物作用下，材料表面出现缺陷，同时表面积增大、空隙增多；第二，随着材料表面积的增大、空隙的增多，吸水性增强，在自水合作用下，高聚物主链由于水解或酶解而使化学链断裂，导致分子量和力学性能下降；第三，在其物理机械性能下降后，高聚物分子链断裂为低聚物分子，材料裂解为碎片状，质量损失加剧；第四，碎片状低聚物在自然环境、微生物、生物酶作用下进一步水解变成尺寸更小的碎片，从而被吞噬细胞吸收，或进一步水解，生成CO2和H2O。

Shall arrange to unload the materials and strictly ensure safe handling of the materials without causing any damage.

材料的装卸应严格按照材料的管理规程以避免材料的损坏。

The thermal properties, mechanical properties of PI-MWNTs nanocomposite were analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis, Universal Test Machine and Hardness Pencil Test. The morphology of PI-MWNTs was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The dispersion of MWNTs in matrix were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The electrical property of composite were obtained by Super Megohmmeter.

研究中使用傅立叶转换红外光谱仪来鉴定其化学结构，热重损失分析仪探讨材料的热稳定性质，万能试验机及铅笔硬度计观察其机械性质，扫描式电子显微镜与穿透式电子显微镜来观察材料的表面型态及奈米碳管於基材中的分散性，超绝缘仪量测材料的电性。

The thermal properties and mechanical properties were analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis and Hardness Pencil Test and Universal Test Machine, respectively. The structure of prepared PI-MWNTs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The morphology of PI-MWNTs were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity was analyzed by Super Megohmmeter.

本研究中使用能量分散光谱仪来鉴定多壁奈米碳管纯化效果，热重损失分析仪、铅笔硬度计、万能试验机分别测定材料的热稳定性质和机械性质，傅立叶转换红外光谱仪来鉴定其化学结构，扫描式电子显微镜与穿透式电子显微镜来观察材料的剖面型态与奈米碳管和基材之间的分散性，超绝缘量测仪量测材料的电性。

Characterization melon accessions from 9 different groups were selected to analysis again, they were divided into 8 groups.

结果表明，21份材料分为8组，15份材料具有相同的分析结果，6份材料具有不同的分析结果。

An adhesive coating material which is used for the phase-changing memorizer and the manufacturing method thereof are characterized in that the adhesive layer material at least contains W element.

一种用于相变存储器的粘附层材料及制备方法，其特征在于所述的粘附层材料为至少含W元素的粘附层材料。

The review includes:(1)spintronics,(2)magnetic properties of Bi -Fe oxides,(3)rare and rare -earth metalic perpendicular magnetic recording materials,(4)new multilayer magnetic material s,(5)magnetic levitation vehicle.

综述了磁性功能材料研究和应用在2000年～2001年间的新进展，其内容包括：(1)自旋电子学；(2)Bi-Fe氧化物的磁性；(3)稀有和稀土金属垂直磁记录材料；(4)新的多层膜磁性材料；(5)磁浮列车。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

Nevertheless, Establishment of macro theory from micro property of material is also the so-called"bottle neck"in the linking study between mechanics and material science. All of these urge us to work on the theory of micromechanics carefully.

但是从材料的微观性质建立相应的宏观理论是力学和材料学这一交叉学科的"瓶颈"，这些促使我们更仔细地研究材料的细观力学理论。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！