材料

Nanomaterials have many new characterizes which different from the normal materials for their small size, big surface area ratio and quanta dimension domino effect, for examples, the metal with good conductor will be turned into nonmetal when the size is reduced tonanometer levels; the resistance of originally nonconductor will be descended greatly when its size is reduced several nanometers or so, and loss the nonconductor property; the general solid is steady under certain conditions, while under nanometer conditions, the capabilities will be effected greatly by the granule sizes, the newness characteristics made nanomaterials have great appliance foreground on catalyze, optics, and industry produce and so on, therefore the nanomaterials have been the hotspot for materials science, chemistry science and so on.

纳米材料由于尺寸小、比表面积大和量子尺寸效应使它具有不同于常规固体材料的新的特征，如原来是良导体的金属，当尺寸减小到纳米量级时就变成非金属型；原来是绝缘体的物质，当尺寸减小到几纳米或几十纳米时电阻大大下降，失去了绝缘体特性；常规固体在一定条件下物理性能是稳定的，在纳米状态下，颗粒尺寸对性能产生强烈的影响等等，这些新奇的特点使得纳米材料在催化、光学、工业生产等各个方面都有着广阔的应用前景，因此，纳米材料目前已经成为材料科学、物理学及化学等学科的前沿热点。1990年7月在美国巴尔基摩召开了国际第一届纳米科学技术会议，正式把纳米材料科学作为材料科学的一个新的分支公布于世。

Materials Engineering covers the research, development, production and application of metals, inorganic and nonmetal materials, polymer materials and composites.

材料工程是研究、开发、生产和应用金属材料、无机非金属材料、高分子材料和复合材料的工程领域。

Organic, organometallic, and nanosized semiconductor materials for third-order nonlinearities have attracted much attention.

有机材料，金属有机材料和半导体纳米材料是近年来三阶非线性光学材料研究的热点领域。

And presents some commonly process and attentions in applying the FEM software ANSYS to PCM analysis.2 Analyzed the PCM performances under the affection of piezoelectric and polymer"s material characteristic by FEM, and got the rule.3 Analyzed the PCM performances which affected by stickup layer"s materials characteristic and its thickness under the application of FEM.4 Based on the construction principles of 1-3 type orthotropic piezoelectric composite materials, the finite element model is designed and its orthotropy is analyzed, at the same time, the length/broad ratio to PCM orthotropy is also analyzed.

二、应用有限元法分析了压电相材料和聚合物基体相材料特性对于压电复合材料综合性能的影响规律。三、应用有限元法分析了粘贴层的材料性质和厚度尺寸对压电复合材料在实际应用中性能的影响规律。四、根据提出的正交异性压电复合材料的构造原理，设计出1-3型正交异性压电复合材料的有限元模型并分析其正交异性，同时分析了压电相材料长宽比对其正交异性的影响。

The evaporation of ZrO2 will absorb heat and relieve erosion from oxyacetylene flame on the ablated surface of the specimen, and also accelerate the mass loss of the specimen, which leads to the decrease of the linear ablation rate and increase of mass ablation rate of the composites.

产物ZrO2的蒸发吸收了材料烧蚀表面的热量，减缓了火焰对烧蚀表面的冲蚀，材料的线烧蚀率减小，然而， ZrO2的蒸发会增加材料的质量损失速度，导致材料的质量烧蚀率增大。

This paper presents a review of studies of interference absorbing materials,which come in three basic types:normal interference absorber,Jauman absorber and FSS absorber. And we particularize the structures,applications and methods of analysis and design of each of these types. Results show that the FSS absorber provides a better absorption ability and is more practicable,and that active multi-layer FSS absorber represents a new direction of interference absorbing material research.

综合介绍了干涉型多层吸波材料的吸波原理及其国内外研究现状，并分别研究了干涉型多层吸波材料三种基本类型：一般干涉型吸波材料、Jauman吸收体和频率选择表面吸收体的一般结构、应用以及分析与设计方法，得出FSS吸收体较之其他类型具有更优的吸收性能和更高的实用价值，最后指出了干涉型吸波材料发展的新方向是有源FSS吸收体。

This paper presents a review of studies of interference absorbing materials, which come in three basic types: normal interference absorber, Jauman absorber and FSS absorber. And we particularize the structures, applications and methods of analysis and design of each of these types. Results show that the FSS absorber provides a better absorption ability and is more practicable, and that active multi-layer FSS absorber represents a new direction of interference absorbing material research.

综合介绍了干涉型多层吸波材料的吸波原理及其国内外研究现状，并分别研究了干涉型多层吸波材料三种基本类型：一般干步型吸波材料、Jauman吸收体和频率选择表面吸收体的一般结构、应用以及分析与设计方法，得出FSS吸收体较之其他类型具有更优的吸收性能和更高的实用价位，最后指出了干涉型吸波材料发展的新方向是有源FSS吸收体。

Through the failure analysis of tamping pick and abrasion contrast test, we select the fit pickax shoe wearable material; through the welding and performance test, we set about from selecting welding rod and establishing welded craft with reason to judge whether the welding between the pickax shoe wearable material which we have selected and the pickax body material or not?

通过对捣镐的失效分析和磨损对比试验，选择合适的镐靴耐磨材料；通过焊接及焊后的性能试验，从合理选择焊接材料和制定焊接工艺着手，判断所选镐靴耐磨材料与镐体材料之间的焊接是否可行？

We investigate the properties of porous carbon derived from pine needle used as the anode materials of lithium-ion battery.

实验结果表明具有高比表面积的多孔碳材料可以作为锂离子电池负极材料、气体(H_2、CH_4和CO_2)储藏材料和催化剂载体材料，并且表现出良好的性能。

Assuming that the plastic deformation ofmaterial can be given by the internal states of material and theirevolution laws, a principal fibre bundle structure and the correspondentrelationships between the geometrical characterization and themechanical properties of the structure are obtained.

以连续介质力学内变量理论为基础，建立了一个以材料内部微结构变量为底流形，材料外部变形状态为对应纤维的材料状态纤维丛模型，使材料的力学特性与模型的几何性质自然对应起来。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。