杆系

In this paper, Plate Girder Element and Virtual Laminated Element were used to analyze P.

中文题名预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工控制研究副题名外文题名 Construction control study of P.C.cable-stayed bridge 论文作者施笃铮导师徐兴项贻强教授学科专业结构工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位浙江大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数123页关键词预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工控制斜拉桥桥梁施工馆藏号BSLW /2002 /U448 /36 本文用平面杆系理论和空间虚拟层合单元法，在对预应力混凝土斜拉桥整桥结构进行分析的基础上，用正装迭代法对该斜拉桥进行分阶段施工仿真分析；又通过建立有约束的非线性优化模型，对预应力混凝土斜拉桥的施工控制参数（初始张拉索力和立模标高）及成桥状态进行优化，进而建立预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工控制系统。

In many reasons of causing cracks, only a few studies are reported about the influence of concrete shrinkage and creep on cracks for its computational complexity. If any, most calculations are only based on the two-dimensioned finite element model. So it's significant that how to analyze the spatial effect of concrete shrinkage and creep by utilizing large software.

在众多的开裂原因中，混凝土收缩徐变的影响，由于计算的复杂性，这方面的研究报道很少，而且大部分的计算也只是基于二维杆系有限元模型，因而如何利用大型软件进行考虑混凝土收缩徐变的空间效应分析，十分有意义。

This paper mainly has the research of random factors presented in reliability analysis and optimization design based on probability of all kinds engineering structures (including truss and beam structures etc.).

文中针对杆系结构在可靠性分析和基于可靠性的优化设计中可能出现的各种随机情况开展了深入系统的研究，主要内容包括： 1。

In order to find the applying area of cellular element method, it was used to analyses the structures besides truss, beam and plane problem.

为探讨元胞单元法的广泛适用性，论文将元胞单元法的应用领域从杆系结构、平面问题拓展到其它结构。

In order to find the applying area of cellular element method, it was used toanalyses the structures besides truss, beam and plane problem.

为探讨元胞单元法的广泛适用性，论文将元胞单元法的应用领域从杆系结构、平面问题拓展到其它结构。

In this dissertation, the static non-linear behavior of space member-system structures which are widely used in structural engineering is studied.

本文对结构工程中常用的空间杆系结构的静力非线性性能进行了研究。

Theoptimization of steering linkages of light trucks can be made conveniently and rapidlywith it.

应用该软件可以比较方便、快速地进行有关类型汽车的转向杆系优化设计，具有工程应用价值。

The principles of kinematics of spatial mechanism are used to establish spaceanalysis model of the typical steering linkage in light trucks and the kinematicsanalysis has been done. Then we finish the multi-objective optimal design of steeringspace linkage system in order to improve the stability of maneuvering characteristicsas good as possible.

本课题主要通过空间机构学原理，对轻型载货汽车普遍采用的典型的转向传动机构，建立空间分析模型，进行运动学分析，然后运用优化设计理论，对转向系统空间杆系进行多目标优化设计，从而最大程度地提高轻型载货汽车的操纵稳定性。

Finally, in order to improve the efficiency of the calculation and design, a software on finite element graphic treatment using VBA connecting Fortran program and AutoCAD 2000 is developed to make structural analysis easier than before, with which the internal forces figures (including bending moments, axial forces and shearing forces) and structural deformation figures are drawn automatically.

为提高设计计算的效率，利用VBA开发了相应的有限元图形处理软件，该软件实现了FORTRAN程序与AutoCAD的连接，利用杆系有限元程序计算得到的结果，自动绘制出内力图以及结构的变形图，图形的自动形成使得计算成果的分析工作简洁、方便。

We can in reason choice the location of the connect points of space guide staffs and the length of the control arms, in order to make the double wishbone independent has correctly movement characters, and correctly roll center. When we do these, we can insure the vehicle have good drivability.

双横臂独立悬架可以通过合理选择空间导向杆系的铰接点的位置及导向臂的长度，使得悬架具有合适的运动特性，并且形成恰当的侧倾中心和纵倾中心，从而保证汽车有良好的行驶稳定性，以为中、高级轿车的前悬架所广泛使用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。