杆系

The pile building enclosure with two or three bracing pieces and the gravity retaining wall are particularized as example in this paper.

采用杆系有限元方法或考虑土体的有限元方法对基坑工程进行模拟计算。

The scheme includes the two aspects: the study on the whole optimization and the space trusses optimization.

该方案包括整体优化策略和空间杆系结构优化设计等两个方面。

Relationship between forces born by bridge and rail under the action of temperature variation, deflection and braking are analysed by using bridge ballast rail as an unified model , and simply supported bridges, 30 m and 40 m in span length, are calculated with a programme of finite element of two dimensional frame structure.

利用桥梁—道碴—轨道的统一模型，对桥梁温度伸缩、桥梁挠曲作用以及制动力作用下的桥轨受力关系进行了分析，并利用平面杆系有限元程序对30m及40m简支梁桥进行了计

The experimental results of the two models of the brick house with arch floor whose rise to span ratio is 1/10 and 1/6 respectively are given in this paper, and then a mechanical model with clastic support for the whole model house is established, its displacement response is analyzed by using frequency response function method, a corresponding frequency response function is derived, and model stiffness parameter for different stages is discussed.

本文给出了矢跨比分别为1/10和1/6的两幢二层砖拱楼盖房屋模型的振动台试验结果。对整个模型房屋建立了弹性支承杆系力学模型，用频率响应法分析了模型的位移反应，导出了相应的频率响应函数，并对各阶段的模型刚度参数进行了讨论。

A nonlinear full-range analysis of bearing brick masonry longitudinal wall has been carried out in this paper. A combination plane frame composed of RC beams and brick masonry columns is choosed as computational diagram.

对混合结构的承重纵墙进行非线性全过程分析，计算简图是由钢筋混凝土梁和砖砌体柱组成的组合平面框架，采用实际刚度法的杆系模型。

Based on the characteristics of staged-construction of foundation pit and the interaction of diaphragm walls-bracing-soil, a FEM method is provided in this paper to analyze the moment and deformation of the diaphragm walls in whole process of foundation construction, taking consideration of all the possible construction stages from the beginning of excavation to the end of foundation, and the influence of cap beam, pre-load of steel bracing, removal and change of bracing, and the corresponding computer program is composed.

本文首先基于杆系有限元计算原理、基坑工程分工况施工以及围护体、支撑、土体协同工作的特点，提出了一种基坑支护结构全过程内力及变形分析方法，编制了相应的计算程序。该法可考虑第一阶段挖土至±0.000结构楼层施工结束期间的所有工况，可考虑压顶梁对围护体变形的制约作用，以及钢支撑预加轴力、拆撑、换撑等因素的影响。

Based on the experience of compiling the program, the paper discussed some topics which should been taken note of while compiling a plane member structure FEM program that took the geometric nonlinearity into account as well as the material nonlinearity. With this program, the paper analyzed the effect of the factors on the anti-bending capability of externally prestressed concrete beams and come into some useful conclusions. The factors included: the rate of ordinary steel bars, the initial prestress of the external tendons, the shape of the external tendons, the position and number of deviators and the number of segments.

结合编程实践，本文讨论了编写考虑几何非线性和材料非线性的平面杆系有限元程序应该注意的一些问题，并应用所编的程序，对体外预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能进行了普通钢筋配筋率、体外索的初始张拉力、体外索的配筋形式、转向块的布置和节段的数目等五个影响因素的分析，得出了一些有益的结论。

The calculating model for analysis of continuous curved box girder bridge s by plan element computer program is established.

建立了应用平面杆系有限元法计算程序分析连续弯箱梁桥的计算模型，并且还引入了应力增大系数来计入约束扭转产生的效应。

In order to simplify the analysis, the load proportion on templets and skeletons was supposed from the viewpoint of structural safety and construction requirements of the bridge, and the skeletons were simulated by beam elements and loads on skeletons were simplified as concentrated loads.

为简化计算，从结构安全和满足桥梁施工要求出发，合理的假定模板系统及劲性骨架的载荷分担率，劲性骨架简化为空间杆系，载荷简化为节点载荷。

Design of a high-rise business-living building with double-tower structure with enlarged base ;2. Dynamic response analysis of an asymmetric two-tower tall storeyed building with enlarged base ;3. Based on the mode analysis and time-history analysis of two examples,the vibration characteristics of the connected twin-tower structures with enlarged base in vertical earthquake excitation was discussed in this paper,and the calculating results of the structures with or without connecter,both with enlarged base are compared.

采用平面杆系模型并用静力凝聚法消除结构耦联的水平自由度和转角自由度，结合两个算例的竖向振动模态分析和时程响应分析，探讨了大底盘双塔楼连体结构在竖向地震作用下的振动特性，对比了大底盘双塔楼结构有无连体结构形式的计算结果，得出了这种结构形式在竖向地震作用下的一些特性和具有参考价值的结论。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。