杆系

The steel-lined reinforced concrete penstock on downstream dam is a very important kind of non-bar hydraulic structure and is widely used in the hydraulic engineering.

坝后钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道是非杆系结构中的重要一类，现有的基于弹性应力图形的设计理论和方法已难以满足工程要求。

The R/C frame structures were modeled with bar system and the column was modeled with multi-springs. The concrete and steel bars in column were considered as springs in order to reflect the coupling influence between the axial force and the moment-rotation relationship, the hysteresis of springs is based on the material properties and the rotation of column section is followed the plane assumption. The moment-rotation of beam section was modeled with trilinear hysteresis model.

混凝土框架分析模型采用杆系模型，其中柱采用多弹簧模型，柱端的混凝土和钢筋作为弹簧考虑以便反映柱轴力与弯矩－曲率的耦合关系，弹簧的滞回关系根据材料特性确定，柱截面的转动符合平截面假定，梁截面弯矩－转角关系采用三折线滞回关系模型。

For the optimization of the continuous variables, the author combines the weaken idea, the DFP and the gradient projection method to form a modified Goldfarb method by which the optimal problems of the trusses can be solved.

对于连续变量优化，作者将松弛思想、变尺度公式和梯度投影法相结合，建立了一种专门解决杆系优化问题的修正Goldfarb法，算例计算表明本法是针对性强、效率高的优化算法。

The effect of two-way bendingdeformation and warping deformation on axial displacement of beam, the effect of transverse shearingdeformation and the effect of warping deformation and quadratic shearing stress can be considered.

因此，本文在原有的空间梁元分析模型的基础上，考虑了空间杆系结构的受力变形特点，提出了更加精确合理的单元分析模型。

A super finite strip method for complex rod-systems has doveloped in this paper.

本文针对复杂杆系结构提出一种超级有限条的分析方法。

In the second chapter several new concepts of elasto-plastic fuzzy stiffness and element are proposed. The fuzzy element matrixes corresponding to the elasto-plastic fuzzy element are also established. In order to use the bilinear and trilinear restoring force modles on analysis seismic responses of structures. A fuzzy mathematical method for dealing with the critical points of the restoring force curve is proposed too.

第二章针对结构在地震弹塑性分析中的刚度模糊性，提出了模糊刚度的概念，并进一步对平面和杆系的弹塑性问题提出了弹塑性模糊单元的概念，建立了相应的模糊单元刚度矩阵；为了利用现有的折线恢复力模型，并且更好地反映结构刚度的过渡性，还给出了用模糊数学处理折线恢复力模型刚度折点的方法。

Extracting Truss bridge structure data in AutoCAD, then transforms it into ansys.

提取AutoCAD中的实体信息，将桁架桥等杆系结构模型导入到ANSYS中。

In the first, the length of every poleof the leading four-bar mechanism are determined bypainting,secondly, the base of mechanic model ofsupport-surrounding, the mechanism and loads on the support isdecided. The next work, with the condition of the design, the mainmechanics of hydraulic support is analyzed and calculated by planeand spatial model. Finally, the under frame, top beam cave shield,wrists and hydraulic column are analyzed by calculation. And drawout all the process drawings.

首先，通过作图确定支架的四连杆机构各杆系的长度；然后，以力学模型为依据，分析了液压支架的顶梁、掩护梁上载荷的作用机理，得到了较为合理的支架载荷的计算公式；其次，结合设计的支架，从平面和空间两方面对支架主要结构件进行受力分析；最后对支架主要结构件、连接销轴进行强度效核，并画出所有的机械图。

In view of mention above,a new spatial thin-walled beam element model considering forementioned those effects and available in the analysis of thin-walled structures is aimed to be established.

鉴于此，本文拟建立一能够考虑上述影响因素，且适用于薄壁杆系结构分析的空间薄壁截面梁单元模型。

Using non-saturable polyester resin as its basal masal and unidirectional fiberglass woven fabrics as its skel eton ,the FRP pole is taken shape by ce-ntrifugal kr twine forming process and has high axial strength and its content if fiberglass is over 50%.

FRP灯杆系采用不饱和聚酯树脂为基材，以单向布为主的玻璃纤维织物为骨架，采用离必成型工艺或发纤维骨架通过缠绕成型工艺制作而成，玻璃纤维含量在家50%以上，轴向强度很高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。