杆

Studied pumping well system in this article, the intermediate power transmission parts uesed flexible rod, the downhole assembled rod pump, the ground driving device would transform up and down reciprocating motion into rotating motion. With own mechanism rounded trip for the downhole flexible rod and pump. Wellhead polished rod changed common stell for flexible polished rod. It was a innovation in theory study and craftwork method. It was a remarkable feature in this article, because these innovations were not studied and attempted for prehuman.

本文所研究的抽油系统，中间动力传动部件采用柔性抽油杆，井下配套杆式抽油泵，其地面驱动装置将传统抽油机驴头的上下往复运动变为旋转运动，并且能够利用自身结构对井下柔性抽油杆及泵体实现起下作业，井口光杆也由普通钢质光杆变为柔性光杆，这是理论研究和工艺方法的创新，这些创新都是前人所没有研究和尝试的，是本文的一大显著特点。

Adopt at present most advanced large-scale SUPER SAP finite element structure analyse procedure to go on numerical value calculation for model of drilling rod, drilling rod whole stress simulation of state that receive show and reflect drilling rod various kinds of stresses under different working states distribute the characteristic clearly, make stress state of drilling rod reach visual, make people able to understand informations of drilling rod of stress status in depth too at the same time, so that the design of the improvement drilling rod constantly is in order to meet the demands of actual project.

采用当前最先进的大型SUPER SAP有限元结构分析程序对钻杆的模型进行了数值计算，得到的钻杆整体应力状态的模拟显示清楚地反映了钻杆在不同工作状态下的各种应力分布特征，同时也使钻杆的应力状态达到了可视化，使人们可以深入了解钻杆应力状态信息，以便不断的改进钻杆的设计以满足实际工程的需要。

As a new rodless oil production equipment, the ESPCP can be applied in high-viscosity, wax content, sand or gas content well, and radically resolve problems met by sucker rod screw pump applied in heavy oil production such as break of rod , offset-abrasion of rod tube and limit to apply in deep or deviation well .The unit also overcomes the low efficiency of ESP pumping high viscosity oil and especially applied in directional well .

潜油电动螺杆泵作为一种新型的无杆采油设备，可用于高粘度、含腊、含砂、含气原油的开采，从根本上解决了有杆螺杆泵在稠油开采中的抽油杆断脱、杆管偏磨和在深井、斜井中使用受到限制的问题，而且也克服了潜油电动离心泵输送稠油效率低的缺陷，特别适用于定向井的原油开采。

Three-dimensional isothermal flows of two different screw heads of the injection molder are simulated by using the finite element package Polyflow and adopting the work conditions that the barrel wall is static and the screw rotates and reciprocates periodically.

往复式螺杆注塑机的核心部件是螺杆，其作用是将固态的塑料熔融塑化，并将其注入模腔。螺杆设计是往复式螺杆注塑机设计的关键技术之一[1]。由于没有解析公式来辅助设计注塑螺杆，故通常简单地参照挤出螺杆的设计方法进行设计[2，3]。

In the truss , the truss chord is composed of the outer bar, including the winding lever and the chords, connected chords bar called the ventral ...

在桁架 中，弦杆是组成桁架外围的杆件，包括上弦杆和下弦杆，连接上、下弦杆的杆件叫腹。。。

In this thesis, the influence of column force, joint hoop reinforcement, and repeat load on the stress and sheer bearing capability of inclined pressure bar is analyzed utilizing finite element software. In the case study, the column axial force's influence on the inclined pressure bar's equivalent width, stress and sheer bearing capability of RCFEN is obtained by changing the column force when modeling the RCFEN with ANSYS. In the former model, the joint hoop reinforcement influence on the equivalent width inclined pressure bar and the strength of RCFEN is achieved by changing the quantity of joint hoop reinforcement; the inclined pressure bar's equivalent width and the strength variation of RCFEN under cyclic load are gained by applying low frequency cyclic load on the inflection point of column and the middle of beam.

针对上述算例中的框架外节点采用ANSYS进行建模，运用有限元软件分析了柱轴力、节点箍筋、反复荷载对外节点斜压杆承载力、抗剪承载力的影响：改变柱轴力，研究了柱轴力对斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点斜压杆承载力、框架外节点斜压杆抗剪承载力的影响；在上述模型中，改变节点箍筋的数量，分析了节点箍筋对斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点强度的影响；在上述模型中，在柱反弯点和梁中点均进行低周反复加载，讨论了在反复荷载作用下，框架外节点的斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点强度的变化情况。

The results show that space finite analysis results are close to test ones, bottom chords suffer axial force and large in-plane bending, and the max stress is nearby each middle internode. The max stress of node crossbeams occurs in No.2 bottom flange, and that of internode crossbeams happens in ones lying in the middle of every internode. The concrete slab is in tension at the longitudinal direction, and also suffers bent at vertical loads. The degree of completely-composite model taking part in the combined actions is about 55%, while that of semi-composite model is 42%-43%. The combination of concrete slab and bottom chord increases the degree of floor system taking part in the combined actions, lightens the burden of bottom chord, and reduces out-of-plane bending of node crossbeams especially the ones near bridgehead. Stress and displacement of main truss can be evaluated by a equivalent plane rigid frame in preliminary design, and effective stiffness of bottom chords are composed of original ones and concrete slab, and the concentrated load from deck can be translated into uniform load.

研究结果表明：空间有限元分析结果与试验结果较吻合；下弦杆受到轴向拉力和较大的面内弯矩作用，各节间最大应力出现在节间中点附近；节点横梁最大应力发生在横梁2的下翼缘，节间横梁最大应力发生在位于端节间中部的小横梁上；混凝土板顺桥向整体受拉，并在竖向集中荷载作用下产生弯曲变形；全结合模型大部分节间内的桥面板参与主桁共同作用的程度为55%左右，半结合模型桥面板的参与程度为42%~43%；桥面板与下弦杆结合能够增加桥面板的参与程度，减轻下弦杆荷载，减少节点横梁尤其是靠近桥头横梁的面外弯曲；对桥梁进行初步设计时，主桁杆件的位移与内力可按照1个等效的平面刚架计算，下弦杆的等效刚度由原下弦杆截面和混凝土桥面板截面组合而成，桥面荷载可转化为均布荷载施加。

To address this situation, I believe that the operation could be improved on are: the installation and adjustment of measuring, the first sub-scale do to adjust the nominal cylinder liner size, and then dial indicator card installed and well well inserted under the initial installation of the traffic card directly into the cylinder table by measuring the smallest cylinder liner wear, the cylinder table adjust the volume of the extended length of rod inserted, so that the volume of the dial indicator cylinder table has small hands around 1.5-2.0 preloading cell volume and cylinder volume table mother under lock locking plug, the final table and then measured the volume of cylinder rod and rod card inserted at the anvil micrometer measuring bar between the seat and the large dial and adjust the dial indicator to zero.

针对这种情况，笔者认为，操作上可改进为：安装和调整量具时，先将干分尺调整到气缸套的公称尺寸，再将卡装好百分表和初步安装好插杆的量缸表直接卡入所测气缸套磨损最小处，调整量缸表插杆的伸出长度，使量缸表的百分表小表针有1.5-2.0格左右的预压量并将量缸表的插杆锁母锁紧，最后再将量缸表的测杆和插杆卡在千分尺的砧座和测杆之间并将百分表的大表盘调整到零。

The first direct measurement with micrometer piston skirt and the outside diameter Do micrometer stop screw to the locking plate position, and then dial indicator card installed and well well inserted under the initial installation of the amount of cards, directly into the cylinder corresponding cylinder kit, adjust the volume of the cylinder rod out in table inserted length, so that small hands dial indicator cell has about 1 volume of pre-press and lock locking rod inserted mother, at the same time, large dial indicator dial to adjust zero, the last cylinder to adjust the volume of good form under test card inserted rods and do at Anvil micrometer and measured the rod between the big hands dial indicator at this time than the "zero" high value is the piston and cylinder liner with the space.

3先直接用千分尺测量活塞裙部的外径并将干分尺止动螺钉扳转到锁紧位置，再将卡装好百分表和初步安装好插杆的量缸表直接卡入对应气缸套内，调整量缸表插杆的伸出长度，使百分表的小表针有1格左右的预压量并锁紧插杆锁母，同时将百分表的大表盘调整到零，最后将调整好的量缸表的测杆和插杆卡在干分尺的砧座和测杆之间，此时百分表大表针比&零&高的数值即为活塞和气缸套的配合间隙。

With the finite element method this *** analyzes influence factors of Lateral rigidity including layout and spacing of faade bracing, horizontal bracing and unusual arrangement of faade bracing firstly, revealing the change discipline of lateral rigidity. Then, on this basis, this *** further researches on frame Stability capacity and its influence factors such as semi-rigid node, bracing spacing, base transom height, distance between top transom and the supported matter, structure height, longitudinal distance between adjacent standards, distance between adjacent transoms, horizontal load, in order to find out the law of stability capacity, guiding the design and construction.

借助有限元本文首先分析立面斜杆的布置方式、布置间距、水平斜杆以及立面斜杆不正常布置等因素对架体抗侧刚度的影响，揭示抗侧刚度的变化规律；在此基础上，进一步考查了节点半刚性、斜杆间距、底排横杆高度、顶杆伸出长度、架体高度、立杆纵距、横杆步距、水平荷载大小等对架体稳定承载力的影响，以期得到承载力的变化规律，用来更好地指导设计和施工。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。