权力

The legitimate sources of freedom and rights in western countries include two types:the former is the exterior of the state power,which can be confirmed but not created by the state power;the latter is the interior of the state power,which can be created and conferred thereby.

西方自由与权利的合法性来源一般有两种：一种是外在于国家权力，国家权力只能认可而不能创制；一种是内在于国家权力，是由国家权力创制和授予的。

Secondly,* The legislative, or supreme authority, cannot assume to itself a power to rule by extemporary arbitrary decrees, but is bound to dispense justice, and decide the rights of the subject by promulgated standing laws, and known authorized judges: for the law of nature being unwritten, and so no where to be found but in the minds of men, they who through passion or interest shall miscite, or misapply it, cannot so easily be convinced of their mistake where there is no established judge: and so it serves not, as it ought, to determine the rights, and fence the properties of those that live under it, especially where every one is judge, interpreter, and executioner of it too, and that in his own case: and he that has right on his side, having ordinarily but his own single strength, hath not force enough to defend himself from injuries, or to punish delinquents.

第二，立法权力或最高权力，不能自认为是通过即兴的肆意的法令来统治的权力，而只能局限于衡量正义（衡量罪行与惩罚是否相当，衡量伤害与补偿是否相当），并由公布的恒定法律和已知被授权的法官来裁定臣民之间的权利：因为自然法并非成文，所以只能在人们的思想中找到它们，在没有设立法官的地方，由于人们充满了激情或利益的考虑便会错误引证或应用自然法，从而就不能那么容易的确定他们的错误了：这样一来立法权力就不是服务于——它本来应该如此——裁定权利，保护生活于其下的臣民的财产，特别是在他自己的事件中，每个人都是审判者，解释者和执行者：有权利的一方，通常仅仅只能依靠他自己的力量，没有足够的力量来保护自己免于伤害，或者去惩罚犯罪者。

Joseph Nye coined the term "soft power" in 1990, and has published a new book, Soft Power, in 2004. However, he does not provide a clear concept of soft power, and he does not explain its function in international relations.

1990年约瑟夫·奈发明了"软权力"一词，并于2004年发表了一本新著《软权力：在世界政治中获得成功的途径》，然而他并没有给出一个清晰的软权力概念，也不曾解释软权力在国际关系中的功能。

If the restrict on authority of levying taxes is not enough, it is easy to expand.

然而，征收税款的权力是行政权力的一种，行政权力的制约如果不到位，容易引起公权力膨胀。

During the society transition period,the regulantion of interest structure is the economic root of public power alienation,the influence of unitarianism relique is its political root,the omission of legal system and supervisory mechanism is its legal root and the lag of political ethic is its moral root.

公共权力的强制性使得它具有扩张和被滥用的可能性，从而出现公共权力异化，并在社会生活中直接表现为权力腐败。关于如何有效抑制权力腐败的问题，虽然理论研究成果颇丰，在实践层面上也采取了不少措施，但效果却仍不理想。

Individual political and economical free right are related with the ideal of "Freedman associate" of Marx.

总而言之，本文在分析角度上进行了新的尝试，从权力角度对对权力格局中个人权力和国家权力变化与个人收入分配制度之间的关系做了理论上的分析，并用1949年后中国的实际情况来检验这种新的理论常识，并根据这种理论提出了解决现阶段个人收入分配制度及其存在的问题的基本对策。

This paper,beginning with the concept of legitimacy of political rights,probes into the source of its theory in terms of historical development,and points out that the rightfulness and recognition of political rights form the foundation and source for the legitimacy.

本文从政治权力合法性界定入手，从历史发展的角度探讨了合法性理论的渊源，指出政治权力的正当性与对政治权力的认同构成了政治权力合法性的基础和源泉。

Globalization poses a serious challenge to the state sovereignty, power rightfulness, and power efficiency of those countries whose civil politics are still underdeveloped. It weakens the many aspects of the legitimacy of the state power of these countries, including its scope, intensity, forms, institutional foundation, and ideology.

全球化的发展对公民政治尚不健全的国家的主权、权力正当性和权力效能提出了严峻的挑战，影响甚至削弱了这些国家权力合法性的许多方面，如权力的范围、强度、形式、制度基础和意识形态观念。

Study testifies that the gender pattern of Chinese households today on the whole displays an inequality trend with strong males and weak females, but there are large gender differences in different dimensions and power spaces, while the husband-and-wife power has become a dominant family control power.

研究证实，今天中国家庭权力的性别格局就总体而言，仍呈男强女弱的不平等态势，但在不同维度和权力空间存在着较大的性别差异，而夫妻权力已成为家庭主导性的控制权力。

Indubitably,there are power struggles between dominating and dominated characters in his plays.Aligned with the French philosopher Michel Foucault\'s theory of discourse and power,this thesis analyzes one early play by Harold Pinter,The Birthday Party,arguing that the characters in this play possess strong desire for power,which makes them aware of the menace all around.

本文运用法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯关于权力和话语的理论，分析品特早期重要作品《生日宴会》，指出品特剧中的人物都对权力存有极大的欲望，而他们同时也感到威胁的力量，因为威胁来自旁人对权力的觊觎和争夺，所以最终无人能逃离错综复杂的权力关系的操控。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了