权利上的

Skepticism on the justiciability of economic and social rights has long been prevailing in the human rights area.

对经济和社会权利具有可诉性的怀疑论在人权领域内曾经长期占据主导地位，但学术界从理论上已经为证明经济和社会权利具有可诉性做出了许多努力，而南非宪法法院对格鲁特布姆案的判决则第一次在实践上对这个问题做出了正面解答：它确认经济和社会权利的主体具有"合理的政策请求权"，并且确立了对经济和社会权利进行司法审查的"合理性原则"。

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity\'s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity\'s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianity\'s exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity"s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity"s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianitys exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

Differed from the pre-reform period, social rights after Reform were based on a series of intervened contractual relationships rather than identities such as registral citizenship or membership of certain Danwei. From 1980s to 2000s, social rights were mainly based on employment contracts, thus associated welfare entitlement with formal employment, resulting in the lack of social rights of majority members in society.

与改革前社会权利建立在城市人与单位人的身份基础上不同，改革后的社会权利建立在一系列国家干预的契约关系之上。20世纪80年代中期到20世纪末，社会权利主要建立在劳动契约基础上，突出地与城市正规就业相关联，相应地，大部分社会成员缺失社会权利。

In England, on the other hand, a range of ideas especially congenial to Englishmen of that day, explained the claim of Equity to override the common law by supposing a general right to superintend the administration of justice which was assumed to be vested in the king as a natural result of his paternal authority. The same view appears in a different and a quainter form in the old doctrine that Equity flowed from the king''s conscience —— the improvement which had in fact taken place in the moral standard of the community being thus referred to an inherent elevation in the moral sense of the sovereign.

另一方面在英国，则用一些特别适合于当时英国人口味的观念，来解释&衡平法&主张的优于普通法，这些观念假定国王作为其宗主权的自然结果，是应该被推定为具有监督公正执行的一般权利的，过去有这样一种旧的学理，认为&衡平法&来自国王的良心——这种改进在实际上已经发生在被指为主权者在道德意义上的一个固有的提高的社会道德标准中了，这种见解是和前述的见解相同的，不过表现于一种不同的和一种更为离奇古怪的方式中而已。

There is a brief introduction about the development of western just view in Chapter one, among them it is a key about understanding of the social just concept and value judgment, which create the academic background for the just dispute of Rolls and Nozick, promise that will explain next at the same time; Chapter two in this text should explain emphatically, through the two theory frame exposition and comparative analysis, we can draw the conclusion that the essential of the dispute focuses on the value judgment of social justice, that is to say , it is the understanding to right " question ; It is the investigation of social background aboutthe dispute mainly in Chapter three, this shows , the thinking essences of any social justice are all demanded by the reform to the unreasonable social current situations , and this kind of reform often needs implementing to the system or system aspect, therefore the thinking to the theory needs putting in the specific social environment, only through this can we make the accurate judgment ; Begin from chapter four, it is the practical problem that the full text needs solved, namely the unjust problem existing in the transitional country. By probing into the reference meaning of just ideas between Roils and Nozick, and build up foreshadowing for the system of the last chapter; The last chapter, the corresponding solution has be put forward aimed at the origin of the unjust phenomenon that our society make the transition, namely under the background of system innovation, we should structure the scientific management mode, and realize from "good policy " to the basic " good at managing .

第一章简要的介绍了西方正义观的演变过程，其中关于社会正义概念的理解和价值判断是个关键，同时也是为接下来要阐述的罗尔斯、诺齐克正义观的争论创设一个理论的背景；第二章是本文要着重阐述的环节，通过对两者理论框架的阐述和比较分析，得出两者争论的根本还是社会正义的价值判断上，也就是对于&权利&问题的理解；第三章的设置主要对两者争论的社会背景的考察，由此可以看出，任何社会正义的思考实质都是对不合理的社会现状的改革诉求，而这种改革往往需要落实到体制或制度层面，因而对于理论的思考也需要放在特定的社会环境中，才能做出准确的判断；从第四章开始，是全文需要解决的实际问题，即针对转型国家在转型中存在的非正义问题，探讨罗尔斯、诺齐克正义理念的借鉴意义，并为最后一章的制度架构做铺垫；全文最后一章，针对我国社会转型中的非正义现象的产生根源，提出了相应的解决办法，亦即在制度创新的背景下，构建科学管理模式，实现从&善政&到&善治&的根本转变。

While the Nair family system lasted, we may assume that the common home of the brothers and mother would not often be such as to permit of a general succession — failing the brothers — of all the sister's children, where there was more than one sister ; and that the first advance to a restricted system of succession would be through the limitation of the right of succession, primo loco , to the children of the eldest sister.

兄弟们现在将不再总是共同的丈夫；一妻多夫的西藏形式将消亡，一个兄弟与兄长寡妇的结婚将首先变成了一个为了承担兄长的家庭首脑位置所必需的继承表演；其次，当儿子们的继承被引进在权利上优先于一个父亲的兄弟时——首先通过兄弟们离开家庭并订立单独婚约——它将变成一种基于习惯法的义务，而这习惯法，由于从男人们的其他婚姻得不到物质利益将并非少见，被发现是令人烦恼的和不便的。

The seventh century brought with It a relaxation, not indeed in canonical penance, but in the ecclesiastical control; on the other hand, there was an increase in the number of crimes which demanded a fixed penance if discipline was to be maintained; besides, many hereditary rights of a particular nature, which had led to a certain mitigation of the universal norm of penance, had to be taken into consideration; substitutes and so-called redemptiones, which consisted in pecuniary donations to the poor or to public utilities, gradually gained entrance and vogue; all this necessitated the drawing up of comprehensive lists of the various crimes and of the penances to be imposed for them, so that a certain uniformity among confessors might be reached as to the treatment of penitents and the administration of the sacraments.

第七世纪带来了一个放松，而不是实际上在典型的忏悔，但在教会控制；另一方面，有越来越多的罪行，要求一个固定的忏悔，如果纪律是要保持，而且，许多遗传性权利的特殊性质，这导致了一定缓解的普遍规范的忏悔，不得不加以考虑；替代品和所谓的redemptiones ，其中包括在金钱捐献给穷人或公共事业，逐步入口和时尚；所有这一切，必须制定全面列出的各种罪行和penances强加的，所以在一定程度上的统一性confessors之间可能达成的待遇penitents和管理圣礼。

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

主要内容是：国会不得制定剥夺公民的言论、出版、和平集会和请愿等自由的法律；公民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受非法的搜查或扣押；非依法律的正当程序，不得剥夺任何人的自由、生命或财产，以及司法程序上的一些民主权利等。

Level meeting was the predecessor of the modern Parliament. Parliament passed the 1327 "King denounced the book", of all the members unanimously agreed to the deposed King Edward II, King of legislation for his eldest son, thus creating a precedent for Parliament to impeach the King. The 1688 "Glorious Revolution" and overthrow the restoration of the Stuart dynasty, in 1689 Parliament passed "Bill of Rights," the highest authority of Parliament finally fixed the form of statute law, as a Parliament and the King turning point in the history of power relations.

等级会议是近代议会的前身。1327年议会通过了《斥国王书》，全体议员一致同意废黜爱德华二世，立其长子为国王，从而开创了议会弹劾国王的先例。1688年的&光荣革命&推翻复辟的斯图亚特王朝，议会于1689年通过《权利法案》，议会的最高权力终于以成文法的形式固定下来，成为议会与国王权力关系史上的转折点。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。