权利上的

Let it be known that original rights, conditions of original contracts, coequal with prerogative and coeval with government; that many of our rights are inherent and essential, agreed on as maxims and established as preliminaries, even before a parliament existed.

让人们知道他们原来的权利、他们原来契约上的条件是和帝王的特权平等的，而且是和政府同时并存的。让人们知道我们的许多权利是固有的而且必不可少，早在国会存在之前人们就同意以这些权利为金科玉律并把它们确定为预先必备的权利。

The relationship between the public interest and civil rights is: who has the greater priority? The neo-liberal advocates that civil rights should take a priority over the public interest; and communalism advocates that public interest should take precedence over civil rights.

公共利益和公民权利之间的关系表现在：两者谁更优先上，新自由主义主张公民权利优先于公共利益，而社群主义则主张公共利益优先于公民权利。

In the former sense, freedom can be stated as follows: I am pro tanto unfree whenever someone interferes with my actions, whether or not I have a right to perform them, and whether or not my obstructor has a right to interfere with me.

前一种意义上的自由可以表述为，"无论何时，某人干涉了我的行动，我在这种程度上就是不自由的，不管我有没有权利来实施它们，不管我的阻碍者有没有权利来干涉我"；后一种意义上的自由即传统社会主义人的本质观念意义上的自由。

The prescription leads to the reallotment of the rights, but the traditional prescription doesn't adapt to the improvement of the modern society in which everyone is seaching for the maximum of the use of the social resources.

时效导致了权利的重新配置，而以维护社会秩序为主旨的传统时效在价值取向上已不再适应以追求社会资源利用最大化为目标的现代社会的发展需要，因为权利是社会的稀缺资源，权利配置的最终目的就是要使得权利能最大发挥效用，所以作为权利配置方式之一的时效应以效率为首要价值。

On the basis of Olympic law system,this paper demonstrates the procedural fights,such as the basic human fights of the athletes,and fights concerning their health,fair play,education,professional guarantee,heating,rebutment in defence.It discusses the phenomenon encroaching the rights and interests of the athletes in light of law,judgment,contract,the"alienation"in the pursuit of golden medal.Finally it put forth some suggestions on the protection of the fights and interests of the athletes to ensure the operation of the Olympic Games.

本研究在分析奥林匹克法律体系的基础上，对运动员的基本人权、身体健康权、公平竞争权、教育权及职业保障权、听证、申辩等权利救济的程序性权利进行了阐述，并从奥林匹克运动的立法行为、裁判行为、经济与合同行为、金牌追求的"异化"行为五个方面探讨了奥林匹克实践中侵害运动员权利的现象，最后提出了维护运动员权利，保障奥林匹克运营秩序的建议。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

At the end of the thesis,practically and realisticallysummarizing the studies concerning this topic,the author believes to put forward thenew viewpoints in following aspects,i.e.the"theory of three-phase"for thedevelopment of victimology;the trends of the worldwide development of the redress ofthe victims'rights;the new method to protect the victims,which balances theprotection between the victims and inflictors to resume the victims'rights by setting upthe protective measures such as the national relief and social supporting system for thevictims,which rarely connects with their rights and interests directly;the necessity ofthe redress of the victims'rights in 6 aspects;the deficiencies on the issue of theredress of the victims'rights in the aspects of academic research and legislation;theelementary reflects on the constitutional foundation for the protection of the victims;the two-side analysis on the regulations for the protection of victims in new penal law;the suggestion to establish the system for investigation,statistics and proclamation ofvictimization;the design to consummate the rights and redress of the victims inappealing procedures;the assumption to establish the social supporting system of thevictims in China,and soon.

在论文的最后，实事求是地总结了自己关于本课题的研究，认为在以下若干方面提出了个人的新见解。提出了我国被害人学发展的"三阶段说"；提出了世界范围内犯罪被害人权利救济的发展趋势；提出了通过建立对犯罪被害人的国家补偿制度和社会支援体系这样的与加害人权益不大发生直接联系的犯罪被害人保护措施，来实现犯罪被害人的被害恢复，以求得加害人与被害人权利保护平衡的犯罪被害人权利保护方式的新思路；从六个方面提出了我国犯罪被害人权利救济的必要性；从理论研究和立法两个方面指出了我国在犯罪被害人权利救济问题上的欠缺点，其中对我国犯罪被害人的理论研究作了反思，对犯罪被害人保护的宪法依据作了初步的探讨，对新刑事诉讼法关于犯罪被害人的保护的规定作了一分为二的分析；提出了建立我国的犯罪被害调查、统计和公告制度的建议；提出了为了防止被害人的第二次被害，而完善犯罪被害人在诉讼程序中的权利与救济的方案；提出了构建我国犯罪被害人社会支援体系的设想。等等。

Therefore , the company law of the countries all over the world confer rights to learn the truth on shareholders , which including the right of inspecting financial accounting report , the right of inspecting books and records , the right of inquiry and the right of request for empanelling inspector . the author writes the paper to present the assumptions on how to perfect our system of shareholders ' rights to learn the truth , by drawing on other countries ' successful experience of legislation and analyzing the shortages of our existing laws . this article is composed with four chapters

因此在借鉴各国公司立法经验的基础上，本文认为，要完善我国股东知情权制度首先应在我国公司法律制度中赋予股份有限公司股东查阅公司帐簿的权利，同时为防止股东滥用此项权利，应当对股东行使该权利时的正当目的、持股比例、持股时间以及行使程序上作出必要的限制；其次应当明确股东质询权以及行使权利的范围、程序，赋予股东在质询权受到侵害时的诉权，并对法院的裁判赋予强制执行的效力，即责令董事会必须限期对股东的质询作出充分说明。

Therefore, a nation needs to establish a matured human rights protection mechanism as soon as possible to ensure that the emergency powers can protect its fellow citizen's fundermental rights fully and effectively when an energency situation occurred, without abusing the administrative discretion. This paper discusses how to protect citizen's basic rights and how to improve the protection system in China in the state of emergency. The paper is divided into four parts: The introduction section describes how natural and man-made instability factors frequently caused emergent situations in the world, and how the nations objectively infringed upon citizen's basic rights in response to the crises. Then it introduces the central theme of discussion in this paper.

文章共分为四个部分：引言部分介绍了由于自然的和人为的不安定因素的存在使得世界各国紧急事件频发，国家为应对危机行使紧急权，却又在客观上侵害了公民基本权利，进而引出本论文的中心议题；第一章阐述紧急状态下公民基本权利保障理念，涉及了紧急状态的含义和特征，正常状态下与紧急状态下公民基本权利的内容，紧急状态下公民基本权利保障的必要性及其特点；然后通过了解国外紧急状态法律制度的相关规定并结合学界在这方面的认识，阐述了紧急状态下保障公民基本权利应遵循的原则；第二章研究紧急状态下公民基本权利保障制度。

The right of reward claim seems more like a kind of legal qualification than ordinary right, which has a look of legal qualifications as well as a content of legal right. However, it is different from the "classic" type of traditional civil right.

报酬请求权谓之权利，其实更像一种资格和权限，其有法律资格之外观且含有法律权利之部分内容，但它与民法传统意义上的&经典&权利类型是有区别的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。