杂种性

The SCA effect was important in the heterosis of the spike number per plant of the intervarietal hybrid, the SCA and GCA were both important in the heterosis of the grain number of main spike of the intervarietal hybrid; the SCA effect played an major role in the heterosis of the spike number per plant of the interspecific crosses of the common wheat and club wheat, the SCA effect played an major role in the heterosis of the 1000-grain weight of the interspecific crosses of the common wheat and spelt wheat.

普通小麦品种间杂种每株穗数杂种优势中，特殊配合力所代表的非加性遗传效应起了主要作用，而主穗粒数杂种优势中一般配合力、特殊配合力所代表的加性、非加性遗传效应所起的作用相当；普通小麦与密穗小麦种间杂种主穗粒数杂种优势中特殊配合力所代表的非加性遗传效应起了主要作用；普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦间杂种千粒重杂种优势中特殊配合力所代表的非加性遗传效应起了主要作用。

Shinto is a religious belief with " crossbreed characteristic" which constantly assimilated and transformed foreign culture, especially Chinese culture and developed it into its own.

神道教是在不断地吸收、改造外来文化的过程中，充实、发展而成的"杂种性"的宗教信仰。

Since curly leaf hybrid could be recognized at early stage,and displayedobvious dwarfness,choosing"Zha′ai 76"as paternal parent not only raised thehybrid-selecting efficiency from the pollinated progenies,but also raised thebreeding efficiency of apomctc dwarf roostock of apple.

鉴别宽叶型杂种较难、需时较长(2-3年生时)并需与染色体倍性鉴定法相结合，因其形态变化较小而生长势又与平邑甜茶无融合生殖苗无明显差异；鉴别光叶型杂种因父本染色体组的影响加大而从形态上容易些，但也需过氧化物同工酶法或染色体倍性鉴定法相配合；皱叶型杂种因在苗期刚出1-2片真叶时就表现明显的标志性状、能从叶片形态上准确鉴别出来，毋须染色体倍性鉴定等复杂方法；因皱叶型杂种能早期鉴别，又表现明显的矮生性，因而选用"扎矮76"做父本不仅大大提高了平邑甜茶授粉后代中选择杂种的效率，而且提高了苹果无融合生殖型实生矮砧育种的效率。

The distribution of hybrid chlorosis Ch1 gene and the T-type cytoplasm fertility restoring genes in Chinese endemic wheats were studied using the testors QA1104 (T-type cytoplasm sterile line, with hybrid chlorosis Ch2 gene) and Khapli emmer (with hybrid chlorosis Ch1 gene).

本研究以T型不育系QA1104（具有杂种黄化基因Ch2）和Khapli（具有杂种黄化基因Ch1）为测验种，对中国特有小麦等六倍体小麦类型和一些四倍体小麦类型中的T型胞质育性恢复基因和杂种黄化Ch1基因的分布进行了研究。

Nuclear DNA content analysis revealed that hybrid plants had different nuclear DNA content:higher,lower than the parental sum or equal to it.Contrast to the lower and equal hybrids,bigger amount of hybrids with higher DNA content had abnormal leaf,bad growth vigour and poor fertility.

结果表明：杂种形态变异广泛，多数呈中间类型，少数呈偏亲性状；杂种细胞DNA含量不一致，呈现大于、等于、小于双亲细胞DNA含量之和的类型；DNA含量大于双亲之和的杂种与DNA含量等于或小于双亲之和的杂种相比，有较高比例的材料叶型出现畸形和植株生长势弱，育性也更差。

Sex-linkage model reveals that hybrid vigor rate is a complex function related withdominance of gene effects of hybrid,additivity and dominance of the parent genes,and ef-fects of sex-linked genes.Owing to interaction of genes and environment,hybrid vigor ratevaries with seasons.

性连锁模型揭示，杂种优势率是一个与杂交种的显性效应、亲本的加性效应、显性效应、性连锁效应等基因效应有关的复杂函数，由于基因与环境的互作，造成杂种优势率在不同季节表现不一致。

All these QTLs affected the hybrid fertility in the same direction.For eachlocus,the genotype consisting of the'02428'and Balilla alleles exhibited higher fertilitythat the one of Nanjing 11 and Balilla alleles.

所有位点对杂种育性改变的方向是一致的，即广亲和品种'02428'的等位基因可使杂种育性提高，而籼稻品种'南京11'的等位基因则使杂种育性降低。

According to the cluster analysis of mortalit y and salt tolerance index,the tested accessions can be classified into f ive groups:sensi-tive,low tolerant ,moderately tolerant ,tolerant and high tolerant.Vitis champnii was high tolerant ;V.rupestris and V.a-murensis×V .labrusca were low tolerant.There were greatly differences of the tolerance am ong the varieties of V.riparia,of which many species were mode...

结果表明，不同种质的耐盐力从0.1%～0.4%不等；野生葡萄中的香槟尼的耐盐性好；沙地葡萄和山美杂种的耐盐性较差；河岸葡萄各品种间的耐盐性差异较大，其中，多数品种的耐盐力居中；河岸葡萄与沙地葡萄、冬葡萄的杂种后代的耐盐性也有不同程度的差异性；我国广泛作为砧木的贝达葡萄的耐盐性居中。

Aimed at the arising problems such as the cross-incompatibility and hybrid's sterility during distant hybridization of fruit trees, effects of different treatments on cross-compatibility of distant hybridization in stone fruits were studied based on the former studies, then physiological and biochemical changes during hybridization between plum and apricot were primarily discussed, and rescue and culture system of hybrids' embryos were also conducted, further the genetic variation and principle between the hybrids and their parents were analyzed and methods of identification of hybrids were established.

针对果树远缘杂交过程中存在的杂交不亲和性及杂种不育性等问题，在前人研究的基础上，研究了不同处理对核果类果树远缘杂交亲和性的效应，并探讨了李、杏属间杂交过程中发生的生理生化变化以及花粉与柱头的互作，建立了李、杏属间远缘杂种的胚培养技术体系，建立了杂种鉴定检测方法，并分析了杂种后代与其父母本之间的遗传变异及规律，最终将一批远缘杂交新种质定植于大田，同时对自然界存在的杏梅种质资源进行了RAPD分析。

By removed ovary culture after positive and negative hybridization, produced interspecific hybridization, and have improved the hybrid seed through removed ovary culture and induced to shoot by culture medium MS, and produced hybrid F1, the plant of Brassica junce×B.pekinesis, the advantage characteristic of hybrid plant is similar to female nature;By cytology authenticating, chromosome number of F1 young flower bud cell (2n=28), it is the sum of monoploid chromosome number of female parent Brassica junce(2n=36) and male parent B.pekinesis(2n=20); The hybridization to Brassica junce×B.pekinesis, and embryonic bud come from removed ovary culture, and it found another form of plant embryo saving.

以芸薹属植物芥菜型油菜和白菜为研究对象，对其进行常规正反杂交后子房的离体培养，通过离体子房培养获得的杂种种子经MS培养基诱导成苗，获得了芥菜型油菜与白菜的杂种F1代植株，表现出杂种优势；通过细胞学的方法，鉴定了杂种F1幼蕾体的细胞染色体数为2n=28，为母本芥菜型油菜（2n=36）和父本白菜（2n=20）的单倍体染色体数之和；芥菜型油菜与白菜常规杂交后，经离体子房培养获得了&胚性芽&，确立了植物胚挽救的另一种形式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。