杂种

The heterosis use model mainly is the Kafir×kaoliang, the kaoliang×kaoliang, trend Kafir×trend kaoliang, the Shallu×trend kaoliang.

杂种优势利用模式主要是南非高粱×中国高粱，中国高粱×中国高粱，倾南非高粱×倾中国高粱，印度高粱×倾中国高粱。

The content of protein and most amino acids in the seeds of the NC hybrids was significantly higher than that of their karyon donor...

但是在核质杂种中籽粒蛋白质含量增加了11.79%和27.33%，被分析的17种氨基酸含量也有明显提高，提高幅度12.37—53.09%。

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

As to'Cabemet Sauvignon'and'Queen of Vineyard', which belong to the'West Europe Cultivars Group', no obvious decline of Fv/Fm was found in their potted plants even under severe drought stress. Their photosynthetic abilities also greatly recovered after rewatering, i. e. no serious photodamage was formed in these cultivars under drought stress. Between them, the φPSⅡ of 'Queen of Vineyard'under severe drought stress was much lower than that of'Cabernet Sauvignon', which suggested that the light use efficiency of the former was much lower than the latter under severe drought stress. The potted plants of'Autumn Royal'and'Rizamat' sustained high Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ before moderate drought stress, but seriously declined under severe drought stress, which indicated that these cultivars had a weak resistant ability to extreme drought stress. A hybridized cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.,'Red Double Taste', its Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ expressed mild decline along drought stress grade.φPSⅡ of'Red Double Taste'was the highest among seven cultivars under severe drought stress condition, which might closely connected with its high photorespiration activity. Another new cultivar,'Red Globe', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen', the Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ of their potted plants declined markedly under slight drought stress, which suggested that they held a weak ability to defend against photoinhibition.

西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后，其盆栽苗的Fv／Fm直到重度干旱胁迫下仍没有明显的降低，且复水后光合能力恢复程度较高，即干旱没有给这两个品种造成严重的光破坏，而两个品种之间，葡萄园皇后在重度干旱胁迫下的φPSⅡ明显低于赤霞珠，说明其光合器官在严重干旱胁迫时对光能的利用率较差；新品种皇家秋天和东方品种群的里扎马特在中度干旱胁迫下仍可维持较高的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ，但在重度干旱胁迫下则降低幅度较大，说明其抵御极端干旱胁迫的能力较差；欧美杂种红双味的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ随着干旱胁迫程度的增加呈现平缓的下降趋势，而且其φPSⅡ在重度干旱胁迫下是七个品种中最高的，这应该与其此时仍维持较强的光呼吸活性有关；红地球和砧木1103Paulsen的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ在轻度干旱胁迫下就明显下降，表明干旱条件下其抵御光抑制的能力较差。

The resistance of 20 Vitis vinifera varieties, 18 V. vinifera- V. labrusca varieties, 11 hybrides producteurs direct, 6 grape rootstocks, 3 wild grapes and 1 hybrid of wild grape and V. vinifera to grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch ) were evaluated. The survival ratio, number of eggs,phylloxera and the tuberosity were evaluated.

采用离体根接种法对葡萄20个欧亚种、18个欧美杂种、11个种间杂种直接生产者HPD、6种砧木、3个野生种和1个野生种与欧亚种的杂交后代接种葡萄根瘤蚜 Daktulosphaira vitifoliae ，测定根瘤蚜生长发育相关指标及根瘤比例。

In this study, six development periods duiring somatic embryo maturation of embryogenic cell line Y35 of Larix leptolepis×L.

本研究以杂种落叶松Larix leptolepis×L。

To study the molecular mechanism of Larix somatic embryogenesis, a differentially expressed cDNA library of Larix somatic embryo in the period of maturation was constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization. The cDNA from the cultures at the stage of somatic embryo maturation of embryogenic cell line Y35 of L. leptolepis ×L. principis-rupprechtii was used as the tester and the cDNA from its subcultured callus was used as the driver. Eight hundreds randomly selected positive clones were sequenced, and 468 UniGenes were obtained finally.

为研究落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的分子机理，文章以日本落叶松×华北落叶松杂种无性系胚性细胞系Y35体细胞胚成熟阶段培养物的cDNA为实验组，继代培养阶段胚性愈伤组织的cDNA为对照组，利用抑制性消减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization， SSH)构建了体细胞胚成熟阶段的差异表达基因文库。

To study the molecular mechanism of Larix somatic embryogenesis, a differentially expressed cDNA library of Larix somatic embryo in the period of maturation was constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization. The cDNA from the cultures at the stage of somatic embryo maturation of embryogenic cell line Y35 of L. leptolepis L. princi-pis-rupprechtii was used as the tester and the cDNA from its subcultured callus was used as the driver. Eight hundreds ran-domly selected positive clones were sequenced, and 468 UniGenes were obtained finally.

为研究落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的分子机理，文章以日本落叶松华北落叶松杂种无性系胚性细胞系Y35体细胞胚成熟阶段培养物的cDNA为实验组，继代培养阶段胚性愈伤组织的cDNA为对照组，利用抑制性消减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization， SSH)构建了体细胞胚成熟阶段的差异表达基因文库。

To study the molecular mechanism of Larix somatic embryogenesis, a differentially expressed cDNA library of Larix somatic embryo in the period of maturation was constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization. The cDNA from the cultures at the stage of somatic embryo maturation of embryogenic cell line Y35 of L. leptolepis × L . princi-pis-rupprechtii was used as the tester and the cDNA from its subcultured callus was used as the driver. Eight hundreds ran-domly selected positive clones were sequenced, and 468 UniGenes were obtained finally.

为研究落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的分子机理，文章以日本落叶松×华北落叶松杂种无性系胚性细胞系Y35体细胞胚成熟阶段培养物的cDNA为实验组，继代培养阶段胚性愈伤组织的cDNA为对照组，利用抑制性消减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization， SSH)构建了体细胞胚成熟阶段的差异表达基因文库。

It could be found that 4 individuals of hybrid had the same profile and shared bands from Lycopersicon esculentum or L. peruvianum by the PCR profiles of two RAPD primers.

通过2个随机引物的RAPD指纹分析发现4个胚培养植株具有一致的RAPD指纹，杂种继承了双亲的特征谱带。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。