杂合的

The procedure can be simply described as follows: heteroatoms source such as AlCl3 or TiCl4 is added into the reaction system together with silica source and surfactant and heteroatom species will uniformly dispersed in the form of ions.

调节pH值的目的在于使杂原子物种不再以离子形式而以酸根形式存在从而可以与孔壁上的硅羟基通过缩合结合在一起从而进入介孔骨架。

FT-IR was employed to fllow the sol process and the photopolymerization of the hybrid systems.

利用FT-IR监测了TBT水解缩合形成溶胶的过程及杂化体系的光聚合过程。

Title compounds were synthesized by condensation of 3 benzylidene isochroman 4 one with 5 substituted 4 amino 3 mercap to 4 1,2,4 triazoles.

通过异色满酮－4的3－位苯亚甲基取代衍生物与4－氨基－3－巯基－1，2，4－三唑的缩合反应得异色满并［3，4－f］硫氮杂奥。

A new fused polycyclic indoline compound was synthesized from aniline,with the key step of Pd-catalyzed tandem cyclization using hydroquinidine as the ligand and molecular oxygen as a green oxidant.

以芳香氨为原料，通过烯丙基化、重排、酰基化及钯催化的氧化环合反应合成了一种新的氮杂三环吲哚啉化合物，其结构经1H NMR，13C NMR，IR及HR-MS表征。

Described in chapter 3 is the immediate application of the Clemmensen reductive rearrangement reaction to the polycyclic system as illustrated in a elaboration of the 5-6-7 tricyclie core skeleton of Stemona alkaloids in 5 steps: N-alkylation, [3, 2] -sigmatropic rearrangement, Dieckmann condensation, oxidative cyclization, reductive rearrangement, starting from ethyl pipecolinate hydrochloride.

我们以哌啶酸乙酯为起始原料，经氮烷基化，[3，2]-σ重排，Dieckmann缩合，自由基环化，6-6-6元环系到5-6-7元环系的还原重排五步反应，高收率地构筑了百部生物碱的5-6-7氮杂三环骨架，并用X射线晶体衍射法确定了其结构。

In order to obtain versatile ulitity of host molecules, three new chiral calix [4] crown ethers containing aza, thio atoms bearing two chiral sites provided by -cysteine ester were synthesized by the condensation of calix [4] arene diacid dichloride with oligoethylene glycol bridged bis-amino acid methyl ester. All new compounds were characterized by NMR, MS and elemental analysis.

以-半胱氨酸为手性源，利用多甘醇二氯醚在碱性条件下对半胱氨酸巯基进行烷基化反应，成功地合成了多甘醇醚链桥联的半胱氨酸衍生物，醚化反应后，在高度稀释条件下与对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃二乙酰氯进行双功能基缩合反应成功地合成了新型的手性杯[4]含氮、硫杂冠醚，并利用〓H NMR、MS等谱图手段对其结构进行了表征。

Due to the hemilability of the heteroaromatic functionalized cyclopentadienyl ligand, these complexes showed considerable activity and high selectivity for ethylene trimerization to 1-hexene.

由于这类芳香杂环-茂配体具有Hemilabile特性，因此，此类络合物显示了一定的乙烯三聚活性和高的三聚选择性。

Because manual seed points are not exactly located on the crack features, two methods are proposed to search the geometric crack features, such as crotches. Wavelet transformation, clumpping, thinning and crossing algorithm are processed sequentialy to reach the semi-automatic feature extraciton purpose. Depending on these seed points, crack tracks and edges are determined by the method in this paper. Local image registration is utilized to raise relative accuracy and acquire the expansion of concrete cracks.

由於人工种子点并非准确落在特徵点，因此在种子点座落区域取目标视窗，使用基底函数转换边界侦测、区域增长消除杂讯区块、裂缝区块骨骼细化，接著寻找裂缝交叉点及端点，准确寻找出种子点应座落的位置，以此位置匹配后时期裂缝影像种子点，续以侦测前后时期裂缝边界，利用局部套合求得高相对精度，求得裂缝成长的情况。

In this research, large volume stainless pots, high－quality pottery pots and enamel pots, instead of traditional small volume pottery pots, were used in storing several kinds of fresh liquor like "Shuanggou Liquor" etc.and the analysis of stored liquor by gas chromatography and atomic absorption spectrum indicated that the application of large volume stainless containers, instead of the traditional pottery pots, could not only advance liquor aging , produce flavour and remove precipitate, develop soft liquor style, stabilize and improve liquor quality,harmonize the balance of components , decrease liquor loss and liquor storage space,but also promote oxidation , reduction, esterification and molecular hydrogen bond association in the process of liquor storage.

对&双沟酒&等各香型酒，利用大容器的不锈钢罐、优质陶缸和搪瓷罐代替传统小容积陶坛或陶缸贮存新酒作了试验研究。采用气相色谱和原子吸收光谱对贮酒分析，得出采用不锈钢等大容器代替传统小陶罐贮存酒，不但可使酒在贮存过程中进行氧化、还原、酯化和分子氢键缔合作用，促进酒体老熟去杂增香，使酒体柔和老熟、成分平衡协调，稳定和提高酒质；而且还可以降低酒的损耗和减少贮酒库占地面积。孙悟

Additionally, we reported on the reactions between alkyl halides and cyclic imides, N-monosubstituted sulfonamides, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or sodium arenesulfinates respectively.

正文部分中介绍了本论文实验工作的二个主要部分组成：一、离子液体中O、N、S等杂原子烷基化反应研究；二、离子液体中的Knoevenagel缩合及其相关反应研究。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新