杂合的

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

A steel bar is washed and dried, and then put into a glass pipe which is sealed to obtain stirring magneton; a mixed solvent of Gamma-methacrylate oxide propyl trimethoxy silane and methanol is prepared and added with an organic base to obtain a pre-bonding solvent; the stirring magneton is immerged into the pre-bounding solvent, and the outer surface of the glass pipe of the stirring magneton is bonded with a layer of silane substance with alkenyl; a reactive monomer mixture and a pore-forming agent mixed solvent are evenly mixed and then added into a container, the stirring magneton after the pre-bounding is put into the container which is sealed and then put into a water bath; after reaction, the container is removed, the stirring magneton coated with a polymer is taken out and put into a extractor and extracted by using a solvent; or the stir bar is immersed into the solvent till no impurity can be checked in the solvent, thereby obtaining the product.

将铁条清洗干燥，放入玻璃管内，密封得搅拌磁子；配制γ-甲基丙烯酸氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷与甲醇的混合溶液，加入有机碱得预键合溶液，将搅拌磁子浸入预键合溶液，在搅拌磁子的玻璃管外壁键合一层带烯基的硅烷化物质；将反应单体混合剂和致孔剂混合溶液混匀后倒入容器中，将预键合后的搅拌磁子放入容器，密封后置于水浴中，反应后除去容器，取出涂有聚合物的搅拌磁子，置于提取器中，以溶剂提取，或将搅拌棒置于溶剂中浸泡至溶剂中无杂质检出，得产物。

The compounds are represented by the structural Formula 1, Chemical formula should be inderted here as it appears on the abstract in paper form. a prodrug thereof, or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, isomer or racemic mixture of the compound or said prodrug wherein R1 is heteroaryl, N-arylaminocarbonyl, N-heteroarylaminocarbonyl, benzimidazolyl or benzothiazolyl; R15 is present or not and if present is H, aryl, alkyl, arylalky or heteroarylalkyl; A is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylidene, heterocycloalkylidene or heterocycloalkyl wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylidene, heterocycloalkylidene and heterocycloalkyl moieties may be substituted or unsubstituted; and B, L, X and R18 are defined herein.

所述化合物用结构式1表示，包括其前药或所述化合物或所述前药的任何药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物、异构体或外消旋混合物，其中R 1 为杂芳基、N-芳基氨基羰基、N-杂芳基氨基羰基、苯并咪唑基或苯并噻唑基；R 15 存在或不存在，如果存在，则为H、芳基、烷基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基；A为芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烷叉基、杂环烷叉基或杂环烷基，其中所述芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烷叉基、杂环烷叉基和杂环烷基部分可被取代或未被取代；B、L、X和R 18 如说明书所定义。

In this paper, a series of 4,5-dithiacrown ether annulated 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones 8a~8d were prepared via condensing 4,5-bis-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (7) with 1,ω-dimercapto polyglycol derivatives in high dilution. The obvious template effect was found during the synthesis of 8c-8d.

在高度稀释条件下，经4，5-二溴甲基-1，3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮(7)和多缩乙二醇的1，ω-二巯基衍生物的缩合反应，方便地合成了4，5-位带二硫杂冠醚残基的2-硫代-1，3-二硫杂环戊烯的衍生物8a~8d，中间体硫杂冠醚8c~8d的合成中有明显的&模板效应&。

In this paper, a series of 4,5-dithiacrown ether annulated 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones 8a~8d were prepared via condensing 4,5-bis-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (7) with 1,ω-dimercapto polyglycol derivatives in high dilution. The obvious template effect was found during the synthesis of 8c-8d.

在高度稀释条件下，经4，5-二溴甲基-1，3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮(7)和多缩乙二醇的1，ω-二巰基衍生物的缩合反应，方便地合成了4，5-位带二硫杂冠醚残基的2-硫代-1，3-二硫杂环戊烯的衍生物8a~8d，中间体硫杂冠醚8c~8d的合成中有明显的&模板效应&。

The organic compounds like cyanine, macrocyclic azotic compound, azo-metal complex, metal chelate, benzoheterocycle dye, have been applied to recordable optical discs as the recording materials.

菁类、大环氮杂、偶氮、金属螯合物、苯并杂环等类的化合物已被作为光记录材料进行研究。

First,from molecular aspect,a novel copolymer-PPBES has successfully been synthesized by nucelophilic substitution reaction with biphenol,4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phthlazin-1(2H)-one and 4,4\'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone,which has both twisted and linear molecular structures in the backbone.

本文从分子设计出发，首先选用联苯二酚与4-(4-羟基苯基)-2，3-二氮杂萘-1-酮和4，4′-二氯二苯砜为共聚单体，采用溶液亲核取代逐步缩聚合方法，合成了一系列含有杂萘联苯结构和联苯结构的新型共聚芳醚砜。

The condensation of aromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds like malononitrile, cyanoacetamide and ethyl cyanoacetate has been found to proceed very efficiently at room temperature giving excellent yields, but the condensation of heteroaromatic,α,β-unsaturated and aliphatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds proceeded smoothly in 50~65℃ with good yields and the reactions of aromatic, aliphatic ketones as well as p-phthalaldehyde with malononitrile also proceeded in 75~85℃ with moderate yields.

芳香醛与活泼亚甲基化合物如丙二腈、氰基乙酸乙酯、氰基乙酰胺的缩合在室温下即能顺利进行，获得了很高的收率；而对于杂环芳醛、α，β-不饱和的醛以及脂肪醛与活泼亚甲基化合物的缩合，需在50~65℃下进行，也取得了很高的收率；对于脂肪酮、芳香酮以及二元醛与丙二腈的缩合在75~85℃下也能顺利地进行，获得中等以上的收率。

Less preferred metal chelating groups are hydroxides amines which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; or mercaptans which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl.

次选项金属螯合组的氢氧化物胺可能是脂肪族，芳基或杂；或硫醇可能是脂肪族，芳基或杂。

Examples of metal chelating groups include hydroxides especially aryl or heteroaryl hydroxides such as phenolic hydroxides; amines which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; mercaptans which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; carboxylic acids which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; oximes and ketoximines; acetarylamides; hydroxy silanes and silicones; N-containing heterocycles such as imidazoles benzimidazoles triazoles benzotriazoles thiazoles isothiazoles acid anhydrides and more preferably acid groups (especially carboxylic acid groups phosphoric acid groups polyphosphoric acid groups phosphonic acid groups sulphuric acid groups and sulphonic acid groups).

金属螯合组的例子包括氢氧化物，特别是芳基或如酚醛氢氧化物杂氢氧化物；胺可能是脂肪族，芳基或杂；硫醇可能是脂肪族，芳基或杂，这可能是脂肪族，芳基或羧酸杂；肟和ketoximines； acetarylamides；羟基硅烷和有机硅，含N，如咪唑，苯并咪唑类，三唑类，苯并三氮唑，噻唑类，isothiazoles，酸酐杂环，多最好酸组（特别是羧酸团体，磷酸，团体，多聚酸组，膦酸组，硫酸团体和磺酸组）。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。